走进牛津大学 第4期:修士节暴乱

 　　Another severe suspension was on February 10, 1355，when a large scale riot happened in Oxford¹, which was called the St Scholastica Day riot.

　　另一次大的停课是在1355年2月10日，当时牛津发生了一场大骚乱，被称为修士节暴乱。

　　On that day, several students of Oxford disputed about the quality of beer with the townsfolk in the Swindlestok Tavern².

　　那天，牛津大学的几名学生在斯温德尔斯托克客栈里因为啤酒的质量问题与市民发生了争执。

　　Then, the insults in the Tavern grew into armed clashes between town and gown.

　　接着，这场酒馆的唇枪舌战演变成了街头大战。

　　In the following two days, the locals burst into students residential³ district to rob and massacre⁴, resulting in the death of 63 students finally.

　　在随后的两天里，市民们横扫大学生居住区，抢劫杀戮，最终导致63名学生丧命。

　　Luckily, the King was in favour of the university and imposed a fine on the city.

　　所幸，国王站在了大学这边，并对牛津市处以罚金。

　　Annually⁵ thereafter, on February 10，the town mayor had to go to the University of Oxford to offer an apology, following 62 citizens.

　　从此以后，在每年的修士节那天，牛津市长就领着62名市民前去牛津大学赔礼道歉。

　　Meanwhile, they had to pay to the Vice-Chancellor a fine of one penny for every student killed,

　　同时，还要将当年的罚金交给牛津大学副校长，即为每个被打死的大学生交一枚银币。

　　it was not until 1825 that the symbolic⁶ penance⁷ ended.

　　这种象征性的罚款直到1825年才结束。

　　On 10th February 1955，a settlement agreement was reached between townspeople and the university:

　　1955年2月10日，市民和学校师生之间达成了和解协议：

　　the Mayor was given an honorary degree and the Vice-Chancellor was made an Honorary Freeman.

　　牛津市长成为牛津大学的荣誉博士，副校长则成为城市的荣誉市民。

　　Although there were many conflicts between them，today the town and gown are able to live together harmoniously⁸.

　　虽然牛津市民和学生之间曾有过很多冲突，不过，如今的他们已经能够融洽地相处了。

　　On the one hand, the locals are proud of the Oxford University.

　　一方面，市民们以牛津大学为荣。

　　On the other hand, the University attracts travellers all around the word, boosting the city’s tourism.

　　另一方面，大学也为牛津市吸引了世界各地的游客，加快了当地旅游业的发展。

1 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

2 tavern   

n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店

参考例句：

• There is a tavern at the corner of the street.街道的拐角处有一家酒馆。
• Philip always went to the tavern,with a sense of pleasure.菲利浦总是心情愉快地来到这家酒菜馆。

3 residential   

adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的

参考例句：

• The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
• The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。

4 massacre   

n.残杀，大屠杀；v.残杀，集体屠杀

参考例句：

• There was a terrible massacre of villagers here during the war.在战争中，这里的村民惨遭屠杀。
• If we forget the massacre,the massacre will happen again!忘记了大屠杀，大屠杀就有可能再次发生！

5 annually   

adv.一年一次，每年

参考例句：

• Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
• They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

6 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

7 penance   

n.（赎罪的）惩罪

参考例句：

• They had confessed their sins and done their penance.他们已经告罪并做了补赎。
• She knelt at her mother's feet in penance.她忏悔地跪在母亲脚下。

8 harmoniously   

和谐地，调和地

参考例句：

• The president and Stevenson had worked harmoniously over the last eighteen months. 在过去一年半里，总统和史蒂文森一起工作是融洽的。
• China and India cannot really deal with each other harmoniously. 中国和印度这两只猛兽不可能真心实意地和谐相处。