走进牛津大学 第20期:牛津大学最大的学院

 　　The Christ Church College is the largest constituent¹ college of the University of Oxford² in England.

　　基督教堂学院是牛津大学最大的学院。

　　It is also one of the richest colleges of Oxford University, because it is the only college that has its own cathedral and gallery.

　　也是最富裕的学院之一，是惟一一所拥有专属大教堂和画廊的学院。

　　The Christ Church College is considered as a cradle, which is for the British aristocracy to get education. Students can study an extremely large scale of things there, from governing the country to all sorts of art.

　　人们视基督教堂学院为英国贵族的教育摇篮是学习治国和各种艺术的高等学府。

　　基督教堂学院.jpg

　　It is said that the college has produced thirteen British prime ministers, as well as eleven viceroys of India, which is more than all other Oxford colleges put together.

　　该学院一共培养出了13位英国首相和11位印度总督，这远远超过了牛津大学其他学院的总和。

　　The two most recent British prime ministers who studied here are Anthony Eden (1955~1957) and Sir Alec Douglas-Home (1963~1964).

　　近年在这里求学过的两位英国首相是安东尼.艾登（1955~1957 )和亚力克道格拉斯爵士（ 1963 ~ 1964)。

　　Christ Church College was founded in 1525 by Thomas Cardinal³ Wolsey.

　　基督教堂学院于1525年由红衣主教托马斯.沃尔西创建。

　　He planned the establishment on a magnificent scale, but he was overthrown⁴ by Henry VDI in 1529.

　　他原本计划建一所规模宏大的学院，但是，1529年，亨利八世国王把这位红衣主教赶下了台。

　　Though the college was not completed, the king confiscated⁵ it.

　　虽然当时学院尚未建成，但国王还是没收了它。

　　Then in 1546 the king refounded the college as Christ Church as part of the re-organization of the Church of England and made it the cathedral of the recently established diocese of Oxford.

　　1546年，亨利八世将重建后的学院易名为基督教堂，归为重组后的英国圣公会的一部分，并将它作为牛津教区的总教。

　　Christ Church College has a number of architecturally significant buildings,基督教堂学院拥打大量造型独特的建筑，which include Christ Church Library, Peckwater Quadrangle, Tom Quad，Torn Tower, Canterbury Quadrangle, the Christ Church Hall, the Meadow Building, Christ Church Cathedral and Christ Church Picture Gallery.

　　包括基督教堂图书馆、佩克渥特方庭、汤姆方庭、汤姆钟塔、坎特伯雷方庭、基督教堂大食堂、草地大楼、基督教堂学院教堂、以及基督教堂画廊。

　　Among them, what the most interesting building is Tom Tower.

　　其中，最有趣的是汤姆钟塔。

　　The famous Tom Tower was designed by Sir Christopher Wren⁶ in 1681.

　　1681年，克甩斯托弗.雷恩为基督教堂学院建造汤姆钟塔。

　　To even today the bell in the tower is rung 101 times at 9 p.m. Oxford time (9:05 p.m. GMT/BST).

　　直到今天，塔里的钟依然会在牛津时间晚上9点整敲响101次（格林威治时间或英国夏令时的晚上9: 05)。

　　In former times this was a signal to close the college gates throughout the University of Oxford.

　　从前，这标志着牛津大学所有学院的大门即将关闭。

　　The one who was not able to be back on time would be punished severely⁷.

　　那些不能准时返回学校的人将会受到严厉的惩罚。

　　The Tom Tower is one of the most distinctive⁸ Baroque-Gothic building in British.

　　这座钟塔是英国的巴洛克——哥特式风格建筑中最别具一格的代表作之一，Therefore, undoubtedly⁹, it is remarked as a masterpiece of the college that can not be Lack of.

　　因此，它毫无疑问地被评为学院不可或缺的标志性建筑。

 

1 constituent   

n.选民；成分，组分；adj.组成的，构成的

参考例句：

• Sugar is the main constituent of candy.食糖是糖果的主要成分。
• Fibre is a natural constituent of a healthy diet.纤维是健康饮食的天然组成部分。

2 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

3 cardinal   

n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的

参考例句：

• This is a matter of cardinal significance.这是非常重要的事。
• The Cardinal coloured with vexation. 红衣主教感到恼火，脸涨得通红。

4 overthrown   

adj. 打翻的，推倒的，倾覆的 动词overthrow的过去分词

参考例句：

• The president was overthrown in a military coup. 总统在军事政变中被赶下台。
• He has overthrown the basic standards of morality. 他已摒弃了基本的道德标准。

5 confiscated   

没收，充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Their land was confiscated after the war. 他们的土地在战后被没收。
• The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。

6 wren   

n.鹪鹩；英国皇家海军女子服务队成员

参考例句：

• A wren is a kind of short-winged songbird.鹪鹩是一种短翼的鸣禽。
• My bird guide confirmed that a Carolina wren had discovered the thickets near my house.我掌握的鸟类知识使我确信，一只卡罗莱纳州鹪鹩已经发现了我家的这个灌木丛。

7 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

8 distinctive   

adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的

参考例句：

• She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
• This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

9 undoubtedly   

adv.确实地，无疑地

参考例句：

• It is undoubtedly she who has said that.这话明明是她说的。
• He is undoubtedly the pride of China.毫无疑问他是中国的骄傲。