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VOA双语新闻:科学家研发广谱流感疫苗

时间:2011-03-19 03:39来源:互联网 提供网友:my6121   字体: [ ]
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  Each year, scientists work to develop a unique influenza1 vaccine2 to protect people against the strain expected in the coming flu season. Mutations in the virus mean that last year's vaccine probably won't protect against this year's flu variety. Now, a team of U.S. scientists think they're on track to developing a "universal" vaccine that will protect people against all kinds of influenza.
每年,科学家们都根据下一个流感季节的流感类型预测来研发一种专门的流感疫苗。流感病毒不断发生变异,去年的流感疫苗很可能无法对抗今年的流感类型。现在,一些美国科学家正在研发一种广谱疫苗,帮助人们预防任何类型的流感。
The standard flu vaccine causes the body to produces antibodies, which target parts of the virus that frequently mutate. But in a new study, researchers used a vaccine aimed at a different part of the virus.
典型的疫苗可以促使人体产生抗体,抵御病毒经常发生变异的那部分。现在,在一项新的研究中,研究人员使用了一种针对病毒不同部分的疫苗。
"There are parts of the flu virus that could be the target of what we would hope eventually could be a universal influenza vaccine," said Gary Nabel, who heads the U.S. government's Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy3 and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health and was the study's lead author.
美国国家卫生院所属国家过敏及传染病研究所的疫苗研究中心主任盖瑞·内伯尔说:“流感病毒中有些部分是我们的突破口,我们希望最终能够研发出一种广谱疫苗。病毒的这部分不会变异。”
"They don't mutate, and the reason they don't mutate is that if they try to, the virus can't survive if you have mutations in these sites."
To get at these non-mutating parts of the virus, Nabel and his colleagues used a two-step vaccination4 process, called "prime-boost." The first step uses a bit of influenza DNA5 to get the patient's immune system to begin fighting off the flu, and then the protection is given a "boost" some time later by the second step, which can be either another bit of DNA or a conventional flu vaccine.
为了在病毒中分离这种“非变异”成分,内伯尔和他的同事们使用一个两步接种过程。第一步是使用少量流感NDA,使病患的免疫系统开始与流感对抗。稍过一阵,再采取第二步,通过再使用少量流感DNA或者一般的流感疫苗,来加强抵御能力。
In his paper, which was published online by the journal Science, Nabel describes the results of animal tests in ferrets and mice using the 1999 vaccine for the boost.
内伯尔的研究报告发表在《科学》杂志网络版上。他介绍了用1999年的疫苗在白鼬和老鼠身上进行试验的结果。
"The antibodies that we were able to elicit6 could neutralize7 [varieties of flu virus] as far back as 1934 and as recently as 2007. So it really gave a broad coverage8 against a range of seasonal9 viruses that wouldn't be covered by the traditional flu vaccine," he said.
“我们分离出来的抗体,能够抑制1934至2007年间各种流感的病毒。因此,它的确可以作用于传统疫苗无法抑制的多种季节性流感。”
Preliminary phase one tests of this new type of flu vaccine have already started in humans, but in an interview, Nabel said that even if all goes well, it will still be years before a universal flu vaccine is widely available.
新疫苗第一阶段的初步试验已经在人体进行。但是,内伯尔表示,即使一切顺利,也还需要几年的时间,才能推广这种广谱流感疫苗。
"So it's certainly not going to be with us in anything less than three years, and I think it's more likely that we're in a five to ten year time frame."
“3年之内肯定还不行。我想大概应该是5年至10年的样子吧。”
Gary Nabel of the U.S. Vaccine Research Center points out that his universal flu vaccine would have another benefit. A DNA-based vaccine wouldn't have to be grown in chicken eggs, doing away with the time-consuming and finicky manufacturing process of the current flu vaccine.
内伯尔说,广谱流感疫苗还有另外一个好处。一种以遗传因子为基础的疫苗,不必像传统疫苗那样在鸡蛋里培养,所以避免了费时且费神的制造过程。


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1 influenza J4NyD     
n.流行性感冒,流感
参考例句:
  • They took steps to prevent the spread of influenza.他们采取措施
  • Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
2 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
3 allergy 8Vpza     
n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症
参考例句:
  • He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
  • The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。
4 vaccination bKGzM     
n.接种疫苗,种痘
参考例句:
  • Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
  • Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
5 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
6 elicit R8ByG     
v.引出,抽出,引起
参考例句:
  • It was designed to elicit the best thinking within the government. 机构的设置是为了在政府内部集思广益。
  • Don't try to elicit business secrets from me. I won't tell you anything. 你休想从我这里套问出我们的商业机密, 我什么都不会告诉你的。
7 neutralize g5hzm     
v.使失效、抵消,使中和
参考例句:
  • Nothing could neutralize its good effects.没有什么能抵消它所产生的好影响。
  • Acids neutralize alkalis and vice versa.酸能使碱中和碱,亦能使酸中和。
8 coverage nvwz7v     
n.报导,保险范围,保险额,范围,覆盖
参考例句:
  • There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
  • This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。
9 seasonal LZ1xE     
adj.季节的,季节性的
参考例句:
  • The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
  • The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
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