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VOA双语新闻 :美国国会立法减少食源性疾病

时间:2011-02-10 03:28来源:互联网 提供网友:ye7716   字体: [ ]
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  Congress has passed sweeping1 legislation aimed at making the U.S. food supply safer.
The bill gives the government broad new powers to inspect processing plants, order recalls and impose stricter standards for imported foods. And, rather than having to waiting for an outbreak to start before it can order a recall, the Food and Drug Administration will now require producers to draw up detailed2 food safety plans to reduce contamination risks before food goes to market.
While the new law tightens3 regulations on food producers, it does exempt4 small producers. That's a concession5 to the growing local-food movement in the United States.
Sickened
U.S. health authorities say one in six Americans gets sick from food borne illness each year. Rylee Gustafson was one of them.
美国卫生当局说,每年,每六个美国人中就有一人得食源性疾病。
When she was nine years old, Rylee ate spinach6 contaminated with E. coli bacteria. She was one of the worst affected7 of at least 200 people in 26 states who got sick in that 2006 outbreak.
2006年的“毒菠菜”事件影响了全美26个州的消费者。当时只有9岁的赖利·古斯塔夫森因为吃了被大肠杆菌污染的菠菜而患病,是至少200名重症患者之一。
She says it started with cramps8 and diarrhea, but got much worse. "Blood just started coming out and it was just really gruesome and very terrifying because I didn't know what was happening to me."
古斯塔夫森说,最初,她只是肚子疼和腹泻,之后,病情越来越严重,“最后,我开始便血,非常可怕,我不知道到底怎么了。”
Rylee got so sick her kidneys shut down and she may eventually need a transplant.
古斯塔夫森说,她病得非常严重,结果导致肾衰竭。她最终可能需要肾脏移植。
More recently, outbreaks linked to eggs, peanut butter and other foods affecting hundreds of people in multiple states have also drawn9 a great deal of attention.
最近几年,美国有好几个州爆发了与鸡蛋、花生酱以及其它食品有关的污染事件,导致数百人中毒 ,引起社会的高度关注。
Making changes
The new law aims to prevent those outbreaks.
皮尤慈善信托基金会的食品安全运动主任桑德拉·埃斯金指出,新的法律旨在避免这类事件爆发。
"You've got a real shift here, a paradigm10 shift in how the government ensures that the food supply is safer," says Sandra Eskin, food safety campaign director at the Pew Charitable Trusts.
她说:“我们有了一个真正的转变,政府在如何确保食品供应的安全方面有一个质变。”
She says tightened11 regulation is especially important in today's food production system. While contamination is rare, a little bit can go a long way. "Any initial contamination can be compounded and, again, spread widely if a product is mixed with other non-contaminated products."
埃斯金认为,这在当今的食品生产体系中尤其重要。她说,虽然食品污染非常罕见,但是,千里之堤,溃于蚁穴,“任何最初的污染都会使问题加重。如果一种食品和其它没有被污染的食品混在一起,病菌就会广泛传播。”
She says it was the mixing of contaminated and non-contaminated spinach, shipped nationwide, that caused the widespread 2006 outbreak.
埃斯金指出,导致2006年“毒菠菜”事件大爆发的原因就是被污染和没有被污染的菠菜混在一起,被运送到了全美各地。
Industrial v. local food
Opposition12 to the industrial food system is one of the factors behind a growing local food movement. The number of markets where consumers can buy directly from small, local farmers has more than doubled in the last decade, to more than 6,000 nationwide.
消费者直接购买当地小农场主出产的农产品,这类市场过去10年来增加了一倍多,超过了6千个。
Monika Blaumueller lives near one such market in Washington, D.C. "I have a lot of confidence in the food. I know that things are done in small batches13. That makes it more sanitary14."
莫妮卡·布劳穆勒在华盛顿的住家附近就有这么一个市场。布劳穆勒说:“我非常相信这里的食品。我知道,它们都是小批量生产,所以更加卫生。”
She might feel safer but experts say local food carries the same risks. However, fewer people would be affected by an outbreak at a smaller-scale farmers' market than at a food factory.
但是,专家不同意这种说法。他们指出,和食品加工厂相比,如果农贸市场发生食品污染事件,受影响的人比较少,但是地方出产的食品存在同样的风险。
Small farmers worried that rules intended for big corporations would squash the local food movement.
全美可持续性农业联盟执行主任苏珊·普罗曼说,一些小农场主担心,针对大食品厂商制定的食品安全法会把食品本地化运动压垮。
"A one-size-fits-all approach would have put small farmers and ranches15 out of business or prevented them from providing locally produced, healthy, fresh food to consumers who want it," says Susan Prolman, executive director of the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition16.
她说:“采取一刀切的方法会导致一些小农场主和农场倒闭,或者使他们无法向有需要的消费者提供地方出产的健康、新鲜的食品。”
In an indication of how popular the movement has become, advocates won an exemption17 from the regulations for growers below a certain size who sell to local markets.
食品地方化的推动者为供应当地市场的小种植者争得了免受相关规定约束的权利,从而显示了这个运动是多么受欢迎。
That's a mistake, says Tom O'Brien, an attorney for the industry trade group the Produce Marketing18 Association.
但食品业贸易组织农产品市场协会的律师汤姆·奥布莱恩认为,这种作法是错误的。
"There's an assumption that there are two separate and distinct markets for food: one of large guys and one of small. At least in the produce industry, that's not how it works. It's really an integrated market."
他说:“有人认为,有两个分开的独立的市场,一个是大市场,另一个是小市场。但是,至少农产品市场不是这样的。这是一个综合性市场。”
And, he notes, a growing number of restaurants and big supermarket chains buy locally grown produce. That will make it hard for consumers to know whether or not their food is protected by the new law.
奥布莱恩指出,目前,越来越多的大型超市连锁店和餐馆也都购买本地出产的农产品。这使消费者很难了解他们的食品是否受到新法律的保护。
Despite that drawback, most food safety advocates support the new law and say it should reduce the number of Americans like Rylee Gustafson who get sick from tainted19 food.
大多数食品安全倡议人士支持新通过的食品安全法。他们指出,尽管存在一些缺陷,但这个法律有助于减少因为吃污染食物而患病的人数。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 sweeping ihCzZ4     
adj.范围广大的,一扫无遗的
参考例句:
  • The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
  • Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗?
2 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
3 tightens e55beaf60804ecfbd7ab248151f7a970     
收紧( tighten的第三人称单数 ); (使)变紧; (使)绷紧; 加紧
参考例句:
  • One set of provisions tightens emission standards. 一套使排放标准更加严格的规定。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • Requires no special tools or fittings; hand tightens to relief valve outlet. 不需要专用工具或管件;用手将其紧固到安全阀上即可。
4 exempt wmgxo     
adj.免除的;v.使免除;n.免税者,被免除义务者
参考例句:
  • These goods are exempt from customs duties.这些货物免征关税。
  • He is exempt from punishment about this thing.关于此事对他已免于处分。
5 concession LXryY     
n.让步,妥协;特许(权)
参考例句:
  • We can not make heavy concession to the matter.我们在这个问题上不能过于让步。
  • That is a great concession.这是很大的让步。
6 spinach Dhuzr5     
n.菠菜
参考例句:
  • Eating spinach is supposed to make you strong.据说吃菠菜能使人强壮。
  • You should eat such vegetables as carrot,celery and spinach.你应该吃胡萝卜、芹菜和菠菜这类的蔬菜。
7 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
8 cramps cramps     
n. 抽筋, 腹部绞痛, 铁箍 adj. 狭窄的, 难解的 v. 使...抽筋, 以铁箍扣紧, 束缚
参考例句:
  • If he cramps again let the line cut him off. 要是它再抽筋,就让这钓索把它勒断吧。
  • "I have no cramps." he said. “我没抽筋,"他说。
9 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
10 paradigm c48zJ     
n.例子,模范,词形变化表
参考例句:
  • He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
  • Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外,本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。
11 tightened bd3d8363419d9ff838bae0ba51722ee9     
收紧( tighten的过去式和过去分词 ); (使)变紧; (使)绷紧; 加紧
参考例句:
  • The rope holding the boat suddenly tightened and broke. 系船的绳子突然绷断了。
  • His index finger tightened on the trigger but then relaxed again. 他的食指扣住扳机,然后又松开了。
12 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对,敌对
参考例句:
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
13 batches f8c77c3bee0bd5d27b9ca0e20c216d1a     
一批( batch的名词复数 ); 一炉; (食物、药物等的)一批生产的量; 成批作业
参考例句:
  • The prisoners were led out in batches and shot. 这些囚犯被分批带出去枪毙了。
  • The stainless drum may be used to make larger batches. 不锈钢转数设备可用来加工批量大的料。
14 sanitary SCXzF     
adj.卫生方面的,卫生的,清洁的,卫生的
参考例句:
  • It's not sanitary to let flies come near food.让苍蝇接近食物是不卫生的。
  • The sanitary conditions in this restaurant are abominable.这家饭馆的卫生状况糟透了。
15 ranches 8036d66af8e98e892dc5191d7ef335fc     
大农场, (兼种果树,养鸡等的)大牧场( ranch的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • They hauled feedlot manure from the ranches to fertilize their fields. 他们从牧场的饲养场拖走肥料去肥田。
  • Many abandoned ranches are purchased or leased by other poultrymen. 许多被放弃的牧场会由其他家禽监主收买或租用。
16 coalition pWlyi     
n.结合体,同盟,结合,联合
参考例句:
  • The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
  • Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。
17 exemption 3muxo     
n.豁免,免税额,免除
参考例句:
  • You may be able to apply for exemption from local taxes.你可能符合资格申请免除地方税。
  • These goods are subject to exemption from tax.这些货物可以免税。
18 marketing Boez7e     
n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
参考例句:
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
19 tainted qgDzqS     
adj.腐坏的;污染的;沾污的;感染的v.使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 );使污染;败坏;被污染,腐坏,败坏
参考例句:
  • The administration was tainted with scandal. 丑闻使得政府声名狼藉。
  • He was considered tainted by association with the corrupt regime. 他因与腐败政府有牵连而名誉受损。 来自《简明英汉词典》
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