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VOA双语新闻:12、世界观察研究所:全球每天10亿人挨饿

时间:2012-01-31 03:00来源:互联网 提供网友:Jessicalv   字体: [ ]
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  The Worldwatch Institute said in 2011 far too many people were living with less than they needed. It says, for example, nearly one billion people were hungry and just as many were illiterate1.
世界观察研究所说,2011年全球有太多人生活在需求线以下。该机构举例说,将近10亿人食不裹腹,同样多的人只字不识。
Worldwatch Institute’s Danielle Nierenberg said while a billion people went to bed hungry each night, it wasn’t because of a lack of available food.
世界观察研究所的达尼埃尔.尼兰伯格说,世界上有10亿人口每天忍饥挨饿,但这并不因为食品缺乏。
“We produce more than enough food in the world to not only feed the 7 billion people who are on earth today, but 9 to 11 billion people. By 2050, we expect the population to be about 9 and a half billion people and we currently produce enough food to feed all of those people. But the question is really one of how do we get food to the people who need it the most. Poverty really impedes2 the progress of allowing people to eat well. Not just getting enough staple3 crops, but being able to buy fruits and vegetables and the things that will really nourish them,” she said.
尼兰伯格说:“我们生产的粮食不仅足够目前世界上70亿人的口粮,而且足够供养90到110亿人。到2050年,我们预计世界人口将达到95亿,而我们现在生产的粮食已经足够养活这么多人口了。但现在真正的问题是我们如何才能将粮食送到那些最需要食品的人们手中。贫穷的确妨碍了人们吃饱吃好。人们不仅要保证获得足够的粮食,还要有能力购买水果和蔬菜以及能够满足营养的其它食品。”
Wasted
The director of the Nourishing the Planet Project said besides poverty and a lack of access to food, much food is simply lost. Worldwatch estimates 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted each year.
这位全球营养项目主任说,除了贫穷和缺少获得食品的途径外,很多食品完全损失了。世界观察估计,每年被浪费掉的食品高达有13亿吨。
“Twenty to fifty percent of the global food harvest is wasted before it can ever reach people’s stomachs. And this is really a moral problem when you consider all of the people who are hungry in the world. The good news about that 20 to 50 percent of global food waste number is that it’s easy to prevent food waste. We can do it in our homes. Consumers can do a lot to prevent food waste by planning meals better, by not buying too much food. In the developing world there are storage systems that are beginning to be put in place that help farmers protect their food from crop diseases or pests or molds and fungus,” she said.
她说:“全球20%到50%收获的粮食在人们能进食前就已经被浪费了。如果考虑到全世界那些遭受饥饿的人们,浪费粮食实际上是一个道德问题。全球范围的中这20%到50%被浪费的粮食如果说有乐观的一面,那就是说这种浪费很容易避免。我们可以从自己家庭做起。消费者可以更好地计划每一餐,不要购买太多饮食, 从而防止粮食遭到浪费。在发展中国家,人们开始设立储存系统,可以帮助农民防止发生农作物病变、防虫、防霉、防真菌等危害侵袭。”
Nierenberg said prevention measures can be put in place all along the food chain.
尼兰伯格说,防范措施可以落实到食品链的每一个环节。
On the micro level
Part of the problem of malnutrition4 is a deficiency in micronutrients. A severe lack of Vitamin A, iron and iodine5 can have lifelong effects. For example, a vitamin A deficiency in children can lead to blindness. An iron deficiency in pregnant women can cause a number of complications.
营养不良问题的一部分原因在于微量营养素的缺乏。如果维生素A,铁以及碘元素严重缺乏,就会给人的一生造成影响。如果儿童缺乏维生素A,可能会造成失明。孕妇缺少铁元素可能会导致出现各种综合症。
“One of the biggest problems in the world right now is that we produce a lot of calories. We produce a lot of starchy staple crops, whether it’s rice or wheat or maize7. And while that keeps people full and fed, and most of the world really depends on those starch6 staple crops to survive, we’re not investing as much in the production of fruits and vegetables. Those are the things that contain those essential micronutrients,” she said.
达尼埃尔.尼兰伯格说:“目前世界上最大的问题之一是人们生产了太多的热量。人们生产了太多淀粉类主食,不论是大米、小麦还是玉米。这些粮食可以让人们有饱足感也能保证人们的生存,事实上世界大多地区民众都依赖这些淀粉类粮食存活,但相比之下,我们在水果和蔬菜生产方面投资不足 ,而水果蔬菜才含有人体必须的微量营养元素。”
Nierenberg said a lack of access to nutritious8 food does not necessarily mean affected9 people are thin. It can be just the opposite. They can be overweight or even obese10.
尼兰伯格说,缺少营养食品的人们并不一定就会因此消瘦,反而可能出现相反的情况,这些人可能会超重甚至造成肥胖症。
“People don’t have access to healthy, nutritious food. In the United States, we have the highest obesity11 rates in the world. And this is partly due because many of our citizens don’t have access to grocery stores or farmers’ markets. They live in what are called food deserts. Places where people have to travel very far to grocery stores. In most of these areas the food comes not from supermarkets, but it comes from liquor stores and convenience stores, where unhealthy foods and processed foods are sold,” she said.
她说:“有些人得不到健康和营养的食品。美国是世界上肥胖症比例最高的国家,部分是因为很多人生活范围中没有菜市场或农贸市场。他们生活的范围被称为食品沙漠。这些人要经过远途行程才能到达菜市场。在大部分这样的地区,食品并不来自超级市场,而是来自卖酒的小店和便利店,这些小店只销售不健康食品和加工食品。”
Can’t read or write
While it may not seem obvious, the Worldwatch Institute project director said malnutrition and illiteracy12 are closely linked.
世界观察研究所这位项目主任说,尽管看不出营养不良和文盲有明显联系,但事实上二者是紧密相联的。
“When people, especially farmers, don’t have the education that they need to live productive lives, they can’t learn new skills. And in sub-Saharan Africa, women farmers, especially, don’t have access to education. This prevents them from not only learning new cropping techniques and learning new technologies, it also prevents them from being able to access financial and banking13 services. They can’t have bank accounts. They can’t buy land. They can’t buy the inputs14 that they need to make their crops more productive,” she said.
她说:“当人们特别是农民忙于农活没有机会上学接受教育的时候,他们就没有办法学到新技术。在非洲萨哈拉沙漠以南地区,这个问题在农民妇女身上尤为突出,她们没有机会接受教育,难以学习新的种粮技巧和农业技术,当然她们就无法获得金融和银行服务,没有银行账户,没法购买土地,也无法添置有利粮食生产的工具。”
Nierenberg said despite the many challenges, Worldwatch is hopeful for the future. She says there are a growing number of innovative15 projects to address hunger and poverty, while at the same time protecting the environment. These include the World Food Program’s homegrown school feeding initiatives underway in Kenya, Brazil, India, Thailand and other countries. The programs put local food producers in direct contact with schools.
尼兰伯格说,尽管有这么多挑战,世界观察研究所仍然对未来抱有希望。她说,目前已经有越来越多的创新项目来解决饥饿和贫穷问题,与此同时还能顾及环境保护,这些项目包括世界粮食项目在肯尼亚、巴西、泰国以及其它国家设立的家庭养殖和学校饮食计划。这些计划能让食品生产者直接和学校挂钩。


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1 illiterate Bc6z5     
adj.文盲的;无知的;n.文盲
参考例句:
  • There are still many illiterate people in our country.在我国还有许多文盲。
  • I was an illiterate in the old society,but now I can read.我这个旧社会的文盲,今天也认字了。
2 impedes c8c92d3198ba71918f3f4f2d50bb7bab     
阻碍,妨碍,阻止( impede的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • High packing density greatly impedes the cooling of the array. 高存贮密度很不利于阵列的散热。
  • The inflexibility of the country's labor market seriously impedes its economic recovery. 该国劳工市场缺乏灵活性,这严重阻碍了它的经济恢复。
3 staple fGkze     
n.主要产物,常用品,主要要素,原料,订书钉,钩环;adj.主要的,重要的;vt.分类
参考例句:
  • Tea is the staple crop here.本地产品以茶叶为大宗。
  • Potatoes are the staple of their diet.土豆是他们的主要食品。
4 malnutrition kAhxX     
n.营养不良
参考例句:
  • In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
  • It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。
5 iodine Da6zr     
n.碘,碘酒
参考例句:
  • The doctor painted iodine on the cut.医生在伤口上涂点碘酒。
  • Iodine tends to localize in the thyroid.碘容易集于甲状腺。
6 starch YrAyK     
n.淀粉;vt.给...上浆
参考例句:
  • Corn starch is used as a thickener in stews.玉米淀粉在炖煮菜肴中被用作增稠剂。
  • I think there's too much starch in their diet.我看是他们的饮食里淀粉太多了。
7 maize q2Wyb     
n.玉米
参考例句:
  • There's a field planted with maize behind the house.房子后面有一块玉米地。
  • We can grow sorghum or maize on this plot.这块地可以种高粱或玉米。
8 nutritious xHzxO     
adj.有营养的,营养价值高的
参考例句:
  • Fresh vegetables are very nutritious.新鲜蔬菜富于营养。
  • Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。
9 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
10 obese uvIya     
adj.过度肥胖的,肥大的
参考例句:
  • The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了,不能算是健康。
  • Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。
11 obesity Dv1ya     
n.肥胖,肥大
参考例句:
  • One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
  • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
12 illiteracy VbuxY     
n.文盲
参考例句:
  • It is encouraging to read that illiteracy is declining.从读报中了解文盲情况正在好转,这是令人鼓舞的。
  • We must do away with illiteracy.我们必须扫除文盲。
13 banking aySz20     
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
参考例句:
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
14 inputs a8aff967e1649a1c82ea607c881e8091     
n.输入( input的名词复数 );投入;输入端;输入的数据v.把…输入电脑( input的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Uncheck the inputs checked for optimization in the previous stage. 不测试那些已经测试过的优化了的以前步骤的inputs.(变量参数)。 来自互联网
  • Just in case, save in a file the inputs obtained at the previous stage. 以防万一,保存以前步骤获得的inputs(变量参数值)到一个文件中去。 来自互联网
15 innovative D6Vxq     
adj.革新的,新颖的,富有革新精神的
参考例句:
  • Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
  • He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。
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