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British Vision Issue 15 应该征收环保税了吗?

时间:2007-02-24 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:xln1120   字体: [ ]
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So what have you done to save the world today? Used a bit less water? Perhaps. Recycled a bit more rubbish? Of course, as More4 News viewers, you are clearly caring and intelligent consumers. But there aren't many tax incentives1 coaxing2 people towards those greener choices, helping3 to stop the damage we do to the world around us. The latest thinking is that perhaps the taxman should reward green choices and punish environmentally damaging ones. Roz Upton looks at how it might work.

We use them without a second thought, power showers, disposable batteries, ordinary light bulbs. But our consumer-led society is damaging the environment. Domestic households account for half / the UK's water consumption, almost 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions4 and 10% of waste. Now a report commissioned by Green Alliance recommends inefficiency5 charges on products that are more damaging to the environment than greener alternatives, the aim to discourage consumers from buying them.

Guy Thompson: First, that is the deliberate ploys6, is to make people realize, to hit people in the pockets, and to reflect the environmental impact of a particular, particularly inefficient7 or wastful product.

Despite the report author's holding back on recommending a levy8 of taxation9, householders are upset at the very thought of it.

An unidentified woman: If they are living on the fixed10 income, they certainly don't want more increases.

An unidentified man: We have enough taxes, as it is. Um, I'd rather see we get rid of inefficient products, and have the efficient ones.

An unidentified man: Anything that can be publicized that makes the awareness11 more, is good, but I don't think taxing something is necessarily giving ur, positive signals, I think in fact it gives a negative signal.

So-called "green taxes" are not without precedent12. In Ireland, the tax on plastic bags introduced 3 years ago has cut their use by more than 90%.

Some green measures can have undesirable13 side effects. Take taxing plastic bags for example, it may drastically cut their distribution; but some people use them to put rubbish in, and without them, more people are likely to buy bin14 liners, and they're made of tougher plastic, which uses more energy in the recycling process.

Of course a tax on some brands of dustbin liners might encourage people to opt15 for eco-friendly varieties, but in isolation16, these kind of levies17 will make little impact. Some report sources at the Policy Studies Institute are also advocating penalizing18 people who don't sort their rubbish for recycling. They're suggesting national water metering to reward those who use less, and reduction in council tax for householders who insulate their homes to conserve19 energy. Until now, most green taxes in the UK have been named businesses.

Paul Ekins: No one likes taxes, and householders vote whereas businesses don't, uh, a householder has been quite effective in, uh, through various consumer councils in voicing their concerns.

Economists20 warn any new measures must be carefully adopted to avoid creating unnecessary bureaucracy.

Stephen Smith: I think there's a great danger, for we overcomplicate the tax system, these, a lot of little taxes on products that people believe are environmentally disreputable can make, do a lot of damage to the efficiency of revenue collection to be very ineffective, very costly21 to run, and may not achieve much environmental benefit.

Punitive22 taxes may be unwelcome, but with sea levels rising, and scientists predicting that global temperatures will increase by up to 6 degrees celsius23 in the next century, drastic changes to our domestic habits are inevitable24 if we aren't to protect the Earth we live in. And this is the latest bright idea on how to initiate25 that change.

Roz Upton's there on the rising seas, and perhaps rising taxes. . .


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 incentives 884481806a10ef3017726acf079e8fa7     
激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 ); 刺激; 诱因; 动机
参考例句:
  • tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
  • Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者,提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
2 coaxing 444e70224820a50b0202cb5bb05f1c2e     
v.哄,用好话劝说( coax的现在分词 );巧言骗取;哄劝,劝诱;“锻炼”效应
参考例句:
  • No amount of coaxing will make me change my mind. 任你费尽口舌也不会说服我改变主意。
  • It took a lot of coaxing before he agreed. 劝说了很久他才同意。 来自辞典例句
3 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
4 emissions 1a87f8769eb755734e056efecb5e2da9     
排放物( emission的名词复数 ); 散发物(尤指气体)
参考例句:
  • Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
  • Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。
5 inefficiency N7Xxn     
n.无效率,无能;无效率事例
参考例句:
  • Conflict between management and workers makes for inefficiency in the workplace. 资方与工人之间的冲突使得工厂生产效率很低。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This type of inefficiency arises because workers and management are ill-equipped. 出现此种低效率是因为工人与管理层都能力不足。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 ploys b429662db6da2d53b0dbfb464c042760     
n.策略,手法( ploy的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The boss tried many ploys to get customers into the store. 老板用尽各种伎俩引顾客上门。 来自辞典例句
  • She tried many ploys to get the boy interested in her. 她试过很多伎俩去赢取男孩的青睐。 来自辞典例句
7 inefficient c76xm     
adj.效率低的,无效的
参考例句:
  • The inefficient operation cost the firm a lot of money.低效率的运作使该公司损失了许多钱。
  • Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。
8 levy Z9fzR     
n.征收税或其他款项,征收额
参考例句:
  • They levy a tax on him.他们向他征税。
  • A direct food levy was imposed by the local government.地方政府征收了食品税。
9 taxation tqVwP     
n.征税,税收,税金
参考例句:
  • He made a number of simplifications in the taxation system.他在税制上作了一些简化。
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
10 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
11 awareness 4yWzdW     
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
参考例句:
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
12 precedent sSlz6     
n.先例,前例;惯例;adj.在前的,在先的
参考例句:
  • Is there a precedent for what you want me to do?你要我做的事有前例可援吗?
  • This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇绩。
13 undesirable zp0yb     
adj.不受欢迎的,不良的,不合意的,讨厌的;n.不受欢迎的人,不良分子
参考例句:
  • They are the undesirable elements among the employees.他们是雇员中的不良分子。
  • Certain chemicals can induce undesirable changes in the nervous system.有些化学物质能在神经系统中引起不良变化。
14 bin yR2yz     
n.箱柜;vt.放入箱内;[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件
参考例句:
  • He emptied several bags of rice into a bin.他把几袋米倒进大箱里。
  • He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱。
15 opt a4Szv     
vi.选择,决定做某事
参考例句:
  • They opt for more holiday instead of more pay.他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。
  • Will individual schools be given the right to opt out of the local school authority?各个学校可能有权选择退出地方教育局吗?
16 isolation 7qMzTS     
n.隔离,孤立,分解,分离
参考例句:
  • The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
  • He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后,生活比较孤寂。
17 levies 2ac53e2c8d44bb62d35d55dd4dbb08b1     
(部队)征兵( levy的名词复数 ); 募捐; 被征募的军队
参考例句:
  • At that time, taxes and levies were as many as the hairs on an ox. 那时,苛捐杂税多如牛毛。
  • Variable levies can insulate farmers and consumers from world markets. 差价进口税可以把农民和消费者与世界市场隔离开来。
18 penalizing 131b6b7509f81de83730275d15a0bbea     
对…予以惩罚( penalize的现在分词 ); 使处于不利地位
参考例句:
  • This is more than just penalizing a company that you are mad at. 她说:这将远远超过惩罚一个你感到不满的公司。
19 conserve vYRyP     
vt.保存,保护,节约,节省,守恒,不灭
参考例句:
  • He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper.他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。
  • Conserve your energy,you'll need it!保存你的精力,你会用得着的!
20 economists 2ba0a36f92d9c37ef31cc751bca1a748     
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
  • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
21 costly 7zXxh     
adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的
参考例句:
  • It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
  • This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用,左不过贵了些。
22 punitive utey6     
adj.惩罚的,刑罚的
参考例句:
  • They took punitive measures against the whole gang.他们对整帮人采取惩罚性措施。
  • The punitive tariff was imposed to discourage tire imports from China.该惩罚性关税的征收是用以限制中国轮胎进口的措施。
23 Celsius AXRzl     
adj.摄氏温度计的,摄氏的
参考例句:
  • The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
  • The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
24 inevitable 5xcyq     
adj.不可避免的,必然发生的
参考例句:
  • Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
  • The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
25 initiate z6hxz     
vt.开始,创始,发动;启蒙,使入门;引入
参考例句:
  • A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
  • They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。
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