英语沙龙：教育和学校教育

Education and Schooling¹

It is commonly believed in the United States

that school is where people go to get an education.

Nevertheless,

it has been said

that today children interrupt their education to go to school.

The distinction between schooling and education

implied by this remark is important.

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.

Education knows no bounds.

It can take place anywhere,

whether in the shower or on the job;

whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.

It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools

and the whole universe of informal learning.

The agents of education can range from a revered² grandparent

to the people debating politics on the radio,

from a child to a distinguished³ scientist.

Whereas schooling has a certain predictability,

education quite often produces surprises.

A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover

how little he knows of other religions.

People are engaged in education from infancy⁴ on.

Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term.

It is a lifelong process,

a process that starts long before the start of school,

and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.

Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process,

whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.

Throughout a country,

children arrive at school at approximately the same time,

take assigned seats, are taught by an adult,

use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.

The slices of reality that are to be learned,

whether they are the alphabet

or an understanding of the workings of government,

have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.

For example,

high school students know

that they are not likely to find out in their classes

the truth about political problems in their communities

or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with.

There are definite conditions

surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

1 schooling   

n.教育；正规学校教育

参考例句：

• A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area.孩子获得学校教育的机会因地区不同而大相径庭。
• Backward children need a special kind of schooling.天赋差的孩子需要特殊的教育。

2 revered   

v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏( revere的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A number of institutions revered and respected in earlier times have become Aunt Sally for the present generation. 一些早年受到尊崇的惯例，现在已经成了这代人嘲弄的对象了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven. 中国人将谷物奉为上天的恩赐。 来自辞典例句

3 distinguished   

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

• Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
• A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

4 infancy   

n.婴儿期；幼年期；初期

参考例句：

• He came to England in his infancy.他幼年时期来到英国。
• Their research is only in its infancy.他们的研究处于初级阶段。