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英语听力:自然百科 探索世界奥秘之Wild Europe-Genesis (欧洲自然写真) Unit04

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Wild Europe - Genesis 肇始之初- 4

This was no ordinary forest. What looked like trees were in fact giant ferns, horsetails and club mosses1, the fossils of which have been exquisitely2 preserved in this Scottish park. They offer a glimpse of the botanic wonders that once filled Europe's ancient forests. These club mosses grew a massive 13 meters tall.

Long before birds appeared on the planet, these Carboniferous forests would have echoed to a very different dawn chorus.

Predatory dragonflies were common, and some were absolutely huge. This one, Meganeura, was the size of a hawk3, with a wingspan of over 60 centimeters. The forest floor was a bug's world too. Fossil footprints of a millipede show that it was nearly 2 meters long. Over 800 species of cockroach4 scurried5 through the ancient undergrowth. And these were preyed6 on by other giants like scorpions7. Some were over 70 centimeters long with a sting to match. These swampy8 forests were also roamed by the very first land vertebrates: amphibians9.

The Carboniferous era was to play a pivotal role in European history. Its 300 million-year-old legacy10 would eventually revolutionize a modern world. This was the time of great tectonic activity. As the land repeatedly subsided11, seas flooded over these great coastal12 forests. Ravaged13 by monsoon14 storms, fallen trees became buried by layers of sand, then mud. Over millions of years, the buildup of sediments15 compressed this vegetation into this: coal.

words and expressions

fern:a green plant with long stems, feathery leaves and no flowers蕨类植物

club moss:石松

dawn chorus:the singing of birds together, which happens just before dawn清晨时的鸟叫声

millipede:a small creature with a long cylindrical body consisting of many parts, each part having two pairs of legs马陆;千足虫;倍足纲节动物

undergrowth:a mass of bushes, small trees and plants growing under the trees of a wood or forest:下层丛林;矮树丛,灌木丛

scorpion:a small insect-like creature which lives in hot dry areas of the world and has a long body and a curved tail with a poisonous sting蝎子

to match (在数量和质量上)相当的, 相配的, 调和的

swampy:describes land that is soft and very wet沼泽的, 沼泽多的, 湿地的, 松软的

vertebrate:an animal that has a spine脊椎动物

amphibian:an animal, such as a frog, which lives both on land and in water but must lay its eggs in water两栖动物

Carboniferous:relating to the period of Earth's history during which coal was formed石炭纪

pivotal:central and important枢轴的, 关键的

tectonic:〈地〉结构上的

subside: If a building, land or water subsides, it goes down to a lower level:(土地)下 陷,凹陷

monsoon :the season of heavy rain during the summer in hot Asian countries:季候风

vegetation: plants in general or plants which are found in a particular area:[植]植被, (总称)植物、草木,


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1 mosses c7366f977619e62b758615914b126fcb     
n. 藓类, 苔藓植物 名词moss的复数形式
参考例句:
  • Ferns, mosses and fungi spread by means of spores. 蕨类植物、苔藓和真菌通过孢子传播蔓生。
  • The only plants to be found in Antarctica are algae, mosses, and lichens. 在南极洲所发现的植物只有藻类、苔藓和地衣。
2 exquisitely Btwz1r     
adv.精致地;强烈地;剧烈地;异常地
参考例句:
  • He found her exquisitely beautiful. 他觉得她异常美丽。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He wore an exquisitely tailored gray silk and accessories to match. 他穿的是做工非常考究的灰色绸缎衣服,还有各种配得很协调的装饰。 来自教父部分
3 hawk NeKxY     
n.鹰,骗子;鹰派成员
参考例句:
  • The hawk swooped down on the rabbit and killed it.鹰猛地朝兔子扑下来,并把它杀死。
  • The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away.老鹰叼了小鸡就飞走了。
4 cockroach AnByA     
n.蟑螂
参考例句:
  • A cockroach can live several weeks with its head off.蟑螂在头被切掉后仍能活好几个星期。
  • She screamed when she found a cockroach in her bed.她在床上找到一只蟑螂时大声尖叫。
5 scurried 5ca775f6c27dc6bd8e1b3af90f3dea00     
v.急匆匆地走( scurry的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • She said goodbye and scurried back to work. 她说声再见,然后扭头跑回去干活了。
  • It began to rain and we scurried for shelter. 下起雨来,我们急忙找地方躲避。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 preyed 30b08738b4df0c75cb8e123ab0b15c0f     
v.掠食( prey的过去式和过去分词 );掠食;折磨;(人)靠欺诈为生
参考例句:
  • Remorse preyed upon his mind. 悔恨使他内心痛苦。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • He had been unwise and it preyed on his conscience. 他做得不太明智,这一直让他良心不安。 来自辞典例句
7 scorpions 0f63b2c0873e8cba29ba4550835d32a9     
n.蝎子( scorpion的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You promise me that Black Scorpions will never come back to Lanzhou. 你保证黑蝎子永远不再踏上兰州的土地。 来自电影对白
  • You Scorpions are rather secretive about your likes and dislikes. 天蝎:蝎子是如此的神秘,你的喜好很难被别人洞悉。 来自互联网
8 swampy YrRwC     
adj.沼泽的,湿地的
参考例句:
  • Malaria is still rampant in some swampy regions.疟疾在一些沼泽地区仍很猖獗。
  • An ox as grazing in a swampy meadow.一头牛在一块泥泞的草地上吃草。
9 amphibians c4a317a734a700eb6f767bdc511c1588     
两栖动物( amphibian的名词复数 ); 水陆两用车; 水旱两生植物; 水陆两用飞行器
参考例句:
  • The skin of amphibians is permeable to water. 两栖动物的皮肤是透水的。
  • Two amphibians ferry them out over the sands. 两辆水陆两用车把他们渡过沙滩。
10 legacy 59YzD     
n.遗产,遗赠;先人(或过去)留下的东西
参考例句:
  • They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
  • He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。
11 subsided 1bda21cef31764468020a8c83598cc0d     
v.(土地)下陷(因在地下采矿)( subside的过去式和过去分词 );减弱;下降至较低或正常水平;一下子坐在椅子等上
参考例句:
  • After the heavy rains part of the road subsided. 大雨过后,部分公路塌陷了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • By evening the storm had subsided and all was quiet again. 傍晚, 暴风雨已经过去,四周开始沉寂下来。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
12 coastal WWiyh     
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
参考例句:
  • The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
  • This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
13 ravaged 0e2e6833d453fc0fa95986bdf06ea0e2     
毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 ); 蹂躏; 劫掠; 抢劫
参考例句:
  • a country ravaged by civil war 遭受内战重创的国家
  • The whole area was ravaged by forest fires. 森林火灾使整个地区荒废了。
14 monsoon 261zf     
n.季雨,季风,大雨
参考例句:
  • The monsoon rains started early this year.今年季雨降雨开始得早。
  • The main climate type in that region is monsoon.那个地区主要以季风气候为主要气候类型。
15 sediments 8b3acb612b624abdf2c2881bc6928565     
沉淀物( sediment的名词复数 ); 沉积物
参考例句:
  • When deposited, 70-80% of the volume of muddy sediments may be water. 泥质沉积物沉积后,体积的70-80%是水。
  • Oligocene erosion had truncated the sediments draped over the dome. 覆盖于穹丘上的沉积岩为渐新世侵蚀所截削。
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