英语听力：自然百科 消失的西藏王朝古格(18)

Seizing this long-awaited opportunity, the Ladakhis marched across the border of Guge, overcoming each fortress¹ and embattlement in their path until they reached the capital Tsaparang.

逮住等待已久的好机会，拉达克人挥军越过古格王朝的边界打败所有要塞及士兵抵达首都札布让。

By this time, Guge's economic and political resources were strained.

此时古格王朝的经济及政治资源已经告急。

No reinforcements would be coming as Tsaparang would have to face the invaders² on its own.

没有援军札布让必须孤军奋战。

But taking Tsaparang would not be easy.

但要拿下札布让并不容易。

The capital's western and southern approaches are sheer vertical³ walls, virtually attack-proof.

札布让的西边及东边都是陡峭的城墙，几乎无法攻击。

At the summit, the royal palace was protected by a defensive⁴ wall running along its parameter⁵.

山顶的王宫被一道防御城墙保护着。

The only possible approach for the Ladakhi forces was up a gently sloping here on the northeast, but even this route was blocked by a substantial wall.

拉达克人只能想办法从东北边的缓坡攻入札布让，但这条路也被一道高墙挡住了。

The Ladakhi armies reached Tsaparang.

当拉达克大军抵达札布让时。

They were flushed with victory.

他们可是胜券在握。

They had conquered all of the satellite fortresses⁶.

当时他们已经征服附近所有的卫星城。

They were now primed for the final battle.

现在正整装发动最后一场战役。

How this final battle began is a matter of some uncertainty⁷.

这场战役如何开始仍不确定。

But scholars believe the entrance to the city was stor

1 fortress   

n.堡垒，防御工事

参考例句：

• They made an attempt on a fortress.他们试图夺取这一要塞。
• The soldier scaled the wall of the fortress by turret.士兵通过塔车攀登上了要塞的城墙。

2 invaders   

入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
• The family has traced its ancestry to the Norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。

3 vertical   

adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置

参考例句：

• The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
• Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。

4 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

5 parameter   

n.参数，参量

参考例句：

• It is the parameter of distribution.这就是分布参数。
• One parameter which always comes into play is the national economy.国民经济是一个经常起作用的参量。

6 fortresses   

堡垒，要塞( fortress的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They will establish impregnable fortresses. 他们将建造坚不可摧的城堡。
• Indra smashed through Vritra ninety-nine fortresses, and then came upon the dragon. 因陀罗摧毁了维他的九十九座城堡，然后与维他交手。 来自神话部分

7 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。