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英语四级必备语法之从动词

时间:2016-09-28 21:20来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)

  时态
  1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
  I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
  I’ve been sitting in the garden.
  2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
  I’d been working for some time when he called.
  We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
  3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
  By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
  In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
  4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.
  I shall have finished this one before lunch.
  They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
  语态
  可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
  He was said to be jealous1 of her success.
  It was said that he was jealous of her success.
  能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
  It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
  The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
  担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
  Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)
  双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
  双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
  He was asked a number of questions at the press conference2.
  Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
  宾补结构的被动语态:
  She was called Big Sister by everybody.
  Then he was made a squad3 leader.
  He was considered quite qualified4 for the job.
  The room was always kept clean and tidy.
  短语动词
  Vi + adv
  The plane took off two hours late.
  Vi + prep
  They looked round the Cathedral5.
  Vi + prep (有被动语态)
  She’s looking after her sister’s children.
  The children were always well looked after.
  Vi + adv + prep
  I began to look forward to their visits.
  Vt + O + adv
  Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
  The children were brought up by their mother.
  They took him on.
  Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)
  I am trying to give up smoking6.
  Vt + O + prep
  We talked Donald into agreement.

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 jealous 7abz6     
adj.妒忌的,猜忌的;精心守护的
参考例句:
  • He was jealous when he discovered that she loved someone else.当他发现她爱别人的时候,他吃醋了。
  • An honorable Chinese citizen should be jealous of his own rights.一名光荣的中国公民应当珍惜自己的公民权利。
2 conference vprzf     
n.(正式的)会议;讨论
参考例句:
  • We're having a conference and we'd like you to sit in.我们将举行一次会议,希望你来旁听。
  • The conference will come to a close this afternoon.今天下午会议闭幕。
3 squad 4G1zq     
n.班,小队,小团体;vt.把…编成班或小组
参考例句:
  • The squad leader ordered the men to mark time.班长命令战士们原地踏步。
  • A squad is the smallest unit in an army.班是军队的最小构成单位。
4 qualified DCPyj     
adj.合格的,有资格的,胜任的,有限制的
参考例句:
  • He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
  • We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
5 cathedral Prfzf     
n.教区总教堂;大教堂
参考例句:
  • We visited the magnificent cathedral.我们参观了宏伟的教堂。
  • There's a cathedral in the town.镇里有一座大教堂。
6 smoking NilzKh     
n.吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
参考例句:
  • He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
  • He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。
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