服务器管理能够简化

 　　Server management can be simplified

　　The need to reduce the complexity¹ of IT infrastructure² management remains³ a priority on every IT manager’s agenda. One of the most prominent open standards addressing that need, Intelligent Platform Management Interface⁴ (IPMI), has been adopted by more than 150 server technology vendors⁵ to provide remote access, monitoring and administration for servers and other hardware assets.

　　Version 2.0 of the IPMI specification⁶ is now supported on many rack-optimized servers and blade computing⁷ platforms. Servers with IPMI functionality let network administrators⁹ access and monitor server hardware, and diagnose and restore a frozen server to normal operations.

　　IPMI defines the protocols¹⁰ for interfacing¹¹ with a service processor embedded¹² into a server platform. This service processor is called a baseboard management controller (BMC) and resides on a server motherboard or on the chassis¹³ of a blade server or telecom platform. A BMC links to a main processor and other on-board elements using a simple serial¹⁴ bus.

　　Service processors monitor on-board instrumentation (such as temperature sensors¹⁵, CPU status, fan speed and voltages), provide remote power control capabilities¹⁶ to reboot a server, and include remote access to BIOS configuration¹⁷ and operating system console information. Because a BMC is a separate processor, the system works whether a main processor is operational or not.

　　An administrator⁸ accesses a BMC by using an IPMI-compliant management application loaded on a desktop¹⁹ or remotely via Web interface on an out-of-band appliance that includes IPMI management firmware.

　　During normal operations, IPMI lets a server operating system obtain information about a system’s health and control system hardware. For example, IPMI enables the monitoring of sensors (such as temperature, fan speeds and voltages) for proactive problem detection. If server temperature rises above specified²⁰ levels, the server operating system can direct the BMC to increase fan speed or reduce processor speed to address the problem.

　　IPMI also can operate out of band (independent of a production IT network) to let an external agent monitor system health and control hardware status. IPMI messages follow the same format¹⁸ whether they are received through an operating system or are sent and received out of band. Most of the operations involve sending a command to a BMC and receiving a response with the information requested.

　　Version 2.0 of the IPMI specification supports Serial over LAN to redirect serial console functionality into IPMI over IP. Administrators gain full remote access to text-based system information, and control for BIOS, utilities, operating systems and applications. Before Version 2.0, this access was limited to serial consoles via secure console servers.

　　IPMI Version 2.0 also offers major security enhancements:

　　● Enhanced authentication²¹ support that provides stronger processes for establishing secure remote sessions and authenticating²² users.

　　● Enhanced encryption support that allows for secure remote password configuration and protects sensitive systems data during any transfer through Serial over LAN.

　　● A firmware firewall, a collection of commands that prevent the execution of predefined activities that could place the system at risk.

　　Despite these advances, many corporations still do not use IPMI functionality, even when it is included on installed servers with IPMI Version 2.0 BMCs. One key factor that prevents widespread adoption²³ of IPMI is its lack of support for enterprise security protocols.

　　Most likely, the next major IPMI release will include enterprise security support. Meanwhile, IT executives must choose between developing a separate security system for IPMI or deploying²⁴ an out-of-band appliance with IPMI management firmware that supports enterprise security architecture. Regardless, IPMI Version 2.0 presents new ways to reduce the cost and complexity of IT infrastructure management.

　　服务器管理能够简化

　　减少IT基础设施管理复杂性这个需求，仍是每位IT管理者工作日程上的重点。解决此问题最著名的开放标准之一就是智能平台管理接口（IPMI），它已被150多家服务器技术供应商所采用，为服务器和其他硬件资产提供远程访问、监视和管理。

　　在很多机架优化的服务器和刀片式计算平台上都支持IPMI 2.0版规范。具有IPMI功能的服务器让网管员访问和监视服务器硬件，对冻结的服务器进行诊断和恢复正常运转。

　　IPMI定义了嵌入在服务器平台内的服务处理器接口的协议。此服务处理器称作基板管理控制器（BMC），驻留在服务器主板上或者刀片服务器或通信平台的底板上。BMC利用简单的串行总线与主处理器和板上其他部件相连。

　　服务处理器监视板上的各种设备的使用情况（如温度传感器、CPU状态、风扇速度和电压），提供远程电源控制功能以重新启动服务器，以及包括了对BIOS配置和操作系统控制面板信息的远程访问。由于BMC是一个单独的处理器，不管主处理器是否工作，系统总是工作的。

　　网管员通过使用加载在桌面上符合IPMI规范的管理应用程序、或者通过装有IPMI管理固件、与外界有联系的设备上的Web接口远程访问BMC。

　　在正常操作下，IPMI让服务器的操作系统获得系统正常工作的信息和控制系统的硬件。例如，IPMI能进行传感器的监测（如温度、风扇速度和电压），作为问题苗头检测。如果服务器温度超过规定值，服务器的操作系统就能指示BMC提高风扇速度或降低处理器的速度，以应对此问题。

　　IPMI也能带外工作（独立于用于生产的IT网络），以便让外部代理监视系统是否工作正常和控制硬件状态。IPMI消息遵循同一格式，不管它们是通过操作系统接收到的、还是带外收发的。大多数的操作涉及到给BMC发送命令和接收对应于请求信息的回应。

　　IPMI 2.0规范支持“通过局域网的串行”，通过IP使串行控制台功能重定向到IPMI，网管员获得全部基于文本的系统信息的远程访问，控制BIOS、实用程序、操作系统和应用程序。IPMI 2.0之前，这种访问局限于通过安全控制台服务器的串行控制台。

　　IPMI 2.0也增强了安全功能：

　　● 增强认证支持，对建立安全的远程会话和用户认证提供了更强大的处理能力。

　　● 增强加密支持，允许远程的安全口令配置和通过“局域网上串行”进行传输时保护敏感的系统数据。

　　● 固化的防火墙，一组命令集合，防止执行那些可能置系统于风险之中的预定动作。

　　尽管有了这些进展，甚至在安装的服务器中已经包括了IPMI 2.0的BMC，很多公司仍然不用IPMI功能。一个阻碍广泛采用IPMI的关键因素是缺乏对企业安全协议的支持。

　　下一个IPMI的重要版本非常有可能包括企业安全支持。同时，IT主管们必须在下列两者之间作选择: 为IPMI开发独立的安全系统还是部署拥有支持企业安全架构的IPMI管理固件的带外设备。但不管怎么说，IPMI 2.0提供了降低IT基础设施管理成本与复杂性的新方法。

1 complexity   

n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物

参考例句：

• Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
• The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

2 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 interface   

n.接合部位，分界面；v.(使)互相联系

参考例句：

• My computer has a network interface,which allows me to get to other computers.我的计算机有网络接口可以与其它计算机连在一起。
• This program has perspicuous interface and extensive application. 该程序界面明了，适用范围广。

5 vendors   

n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方

参考例句：

• The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。
• At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时，界面标准也有利于软件开发商。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

6 specification   

n.详述；[常pl.]规格，说明书，规范

参考例句：

• I want to know his specification of details.我想知道他对细节的详述。
• Examination confirmed that the quality of the products was up to specification.经检查，产品质量合格。

7 computing   

n.计算

参考例句：

• to work in computing 从事信息处理
• Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代（约1980年），他们就创办了软件公司。

8 administrator   

n.经营管理者，行政官员

参考例句：

• The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
• He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。

9 administrators   

n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

参考例句：

• He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
• Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城

10 protocols   

n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 )；（外交条约的）草案；（数据传递的）协议；科学实验报告（或计划）

参考例句：

• There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
• Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网

11 interfacing   

衬布，衬头

参考例句：

• Careful study of the data sheets and a programmable input-output port solve most A/D interfacing problems. 若详细研究一下说明书和可编程序的输入／输出端口，则大部分A／D转换器的接口问题都可得到解决。
• Detailed techniques will be presented here to solve all the common interfacing problems. 本书将详细介绍解决所有公共接口问题的技术。

12 embedded   

a.扎牢的

参考例句：

• an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg 取出扎入他腿部玻璃的手术
• He has embedded his name in the minds of millions of people. 他的名字铭刻在数百万人民心中。

13 chassis   

n.汽车等之底盘；（飞机的）起落架；炮底架

参考例句：

• The new parts may include the sheet metal,the transmission,or the chassis.新部件可能包括钢壳，变速器或底盘。
• Can chassis and whole-vehicle manufacturers co-exist peacefully?底盘企业和整车企业能相安无事吗？

14 serial   

n.连本影片，连本电视节目；adj.连续的

参考例句：

• A new serial is starting on television tonight.今晚电视开播一部新的电视连续剧。
• Can you account for the serial failures in our experiment?你能解释我们实验屡屡失败的原因吗？

15 sensors   

n.传感器，灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时，有很大变化。 来自辞典例句

16 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

17 configuration   

n.结构，布局，形态，(计算机)配置

参考例句：

• Geographers study the configuration of the mountains.地理学家研究山脉的地形轮廓。
• Prices range from $119 to $199,depending on the particular configuration.价格因具体配置而异，从119美元至199美元不等。

18 format   

n.设计，版式；[计算机]格式，DOS命令:格式化(磁盘)，用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据；v.使格式化，设计，安排

参考例句：

• Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
• The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。

19 desktop   

n.桌面管理系统程序；台式

参考例句：

• My computer is a desktop computer of excellent quality.我的计算机是品质卓越的台式计算机。
• Do you know which one is better,a laptop or a desktop?你知道哪一种更好，笔记本还是台式机？

20 specified   

adj.特定的

参考例句：

• The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
• It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。

21 authentication   

鉴定，认证

参考例句：

• Computer security technology includes mainly:Authentication,Encryption,Access Control,Auditing and so on.计算机网络安全技术主要有: 认证授权、数据加密、访问控制、安全审计等。

22 authenticating   

v.证明是真实的、可靠的或有效的( authenticate的现在分词 )；鉴定，使生效

参考例句：

• Specifies the password used for authenticating to a remote server. 指定用于对远程服务器身份验证的密码。 来自互联网
• Property indicating which hash algorithm to use when authenticating the message. 表示验证消息时要使用的散列算法的属性。 来自互联网

23 adoption   

n.采用，采纳，通过；收养

参考例句：

• An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
• The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。

24 deploying   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的现在分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Provides support for developing and deploying distributed, component-based applications. 为开发和部署基于组件的分布式应用程序提供支持。
• Advertisement, publishing, repair, and install-on-demand are all available when deploying your application. 在部署应用程序时提供公布、发布、修复和即需即装功能。