英语 英语 日语 日语 韩语 韩语 法语 法语 德语 德语 西班牙语 西班牙语 意大利语 意大利语 阿拉伯语 阿拉伯语 葡萄牙语 葡萄牙语 越南语 越南语 俄语 俄语 芬兰语 芬兰语 泰语 泰语 泰语 丹麦语 泰语 对外汉语

《英语写作基础》考核知识点分析与解题思路

时间:2012-01-14 07:30来源:互联网 提供网友:时尚岛01   字体: [ ]
特别声明:本栏目内容均从网络收集或者网友提供,供仅参考试用,我们无法保证内容完整和正确。如果资料损害了您的权益,请与站长联系,我们将及时删除并致以歉意。
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   近几年的英语写作基础试卷在考查内容和试题类型上改动不大,保持了命题的连贯性。考查内容包括三大部分:句子的组成、段落的写作、应用文写作。题型有重写句子、改写病句、识别主题句、重新组合段落、识别与段落内容无关的句子、写信六种。本文将按题型顺序对二OOO年试题的考核知识点与解题思路进行分析和探讨,同时,也将对考生答题中的典型错误作一剖析,希望能有益于准备参加今年考试的同学。

  第一大题 重写句子(本大题共10小题,每小题1.5分,共15分)
  Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement.
  一,考核知识点:考查loose sentence 与periodic1 sentence之间的转换。
  ●试题:
  2. I felt like taking a walk after watching the sunset. (periodic sentence)
  3. While they were waiting in line for the concert tickets, the rain stopped. (loose sentence)
  ●答案:
  2. After watching the sunset, I felt like taking a walk.
  3. The rain stopped while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 明确两种句型的特点:就语义结构而论,periodic sentence(掉尾句)中主要信息在后,次要信息在前,使句子的重心置于句尾,旨在造成悬念,引人入胜;而loose sentence(松散句)则正相反,将句义重心放在句首,使主要信息一目了然。就语法结构而言,periodic sentence(掉尾句)将句子成分中的修饰部分放在主要成分(一般为主谓结构)之前;而loose sentence(松散句)则反之。
  (2) 第二题原句主要信息为 I felt like taking a walk,放在次要信息After watching the sunset之前,原句是loose sentence(松散句),变换句型只要将主次信息换位即可。第三题原句的主要信息为the rain stopped,次要信息为while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets,原句是periodic sentence(掉尾句),变换成loose sentence(松散句),需主次信息换位。
  二,考核知识点:考查将两个独立短句合并成一个simple sentence的能力。
  ●试题:
  5. The letter is from my foreign friend. The letter arrived today. (simple sentence)
  9. My roommate was waiting for me at the door. He had a book in his hand. (simple sentence)
  ●答案:
  5. The letter from my foreign friend arrived today.
  9. My roommate with a book in his hand was waiting for me at the door.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 明确simple sentence(简单句)的构成:simple sentence(简单句)包含一个主语+谓语动词(S+V)的结构。
  (2) 将两个短句的共同主语作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的主语,并将其中包含主要信息的短句的谓语动词确立为simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词,另一短句转化为修饰成分。
  (3) 第5题原句中第一个短句为次要信息,介词短语from my foreign friend可作为修饰成分。第9题原句中,第一个短句包含主要信息,其谓语动词was waiting可作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词,第二个短句He had a book in his hand,可转化为with引导的介词短语结构,作修饰成分。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)The letter which arrived today is from my foreign friend.
  (分析)错误有二:一、未将原句中包含主要信息的短句的谓语动词arrived作为合并后的simple sentence(简单句)的谓语动词;二、含有定语从句的句子不是simple sentence(简单句),而是complex sentence(复合句)。
  (错误)The letter arrived today is from my foreign friend.
  (分析)这是一个病句,句中出现两个没有合适方式连接的谓语动词,根本不符合语法规则。
  (错误)My roommate, who had a book in his hand, was waiting for me at the door.
  (分析)此句中who had a book in his hand是定语从句,而simple sentence(简单句)中不能含有从句。
  三,考核知识点:考查独立短句与compound2 sentence之间的转换
  ●试题:
  1. Jerry is a good student. He studies hard and grasps concepts3 well. (compound sentence)
  6. We could take a taxi. We could walk to the restaurant. (compound sentence)
  10. I needed butter to make the cookie better. I couldn’t find any. I used vegetable oil instead. (compound sentence)
  ●答案:
  1. Jerry is a good student, for he studies hard and grasps concepts well.
  6. We could take a taxi or we could walk to the restaurant.
  10. I needed butter to make the cookie better, but I couldn’t find any, so I used vegetable oil instead.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 明确compound sentence(并列句)的特点:compound sentence(并列句)是由并列连词或特定的标点符号将意义相关、结构完整的两个或两个以上的simple sentence(简单句)连接起来构成的。
  (2) 理顺独立短句间逻辑关系:是承递、转折、选择、还是因果?确定好后在并列连接词and, nor, but, yet, or, for, so之中选一个出来连接各分句。
  (3) 第1题中,两分句间的关系为前因后果,所以选择for引出解释原因的分句。第6题中,两分句为选择关系,可用or连接。第10题较为复杂,前两个分句是转折关系,可用but或yet连接;它们又与第三个分句形成前因后果的关系,所以选择so引出结果。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)Jerry is a good student for he studies hard and grasps concepts well.
  (分析)用for引导表示原因的分句时,它前面一定要用comma(逗号)。
  (错误)For Jerry is a good student, he studies hard and grasps concepts well.
  (分析)除了因果关系不妥外,for的位置也不正确。用for连接两个简单句时,前句表示结果或结论,后句说明产生前述结果的原因,所以for只能出现在后句中。
  (错误)We could take a taxi or walk to the restaurant.
  (分析)此句仍是一个simple sentence(简单句)而不是compound sentence(并列句),compound sentence(并列句)必须包含两个或两个以上的simple sentence(简单句)
  四,考核知识点:考查compound sentence与complex sentence之间的转换
  ●试题:
  4. The tape recorder was not working right, so I returned it to the store. (complex sentence)
  ●答案:
  4. Because the tape recorder was not working right, I returned it to the store.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 了解complex sentence(复合句)的构成:complex sentence(复合句)包含一个主句及一个或多个从句。从句分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
  (2) 第4题原句是compound sentence(并列句),两个分句为因果关系,要把compound sentence(并列句)重写成complex sentence(复合句)时,只需将第一个分句改为由从属连接词because引导的原因状语从句即可。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)I returned the tape recorder to the store, for it was not working right.
  (分析)for虽然也可引导表示原因的分句,但它是并列连接词,用在compound sentence(并列句)中,这点与because、as、since等引导原因状语从句的从属连接词不同。
  五,考核知识点:考查对compound-complex sentence的掌握和运用。
  ●试题:
  7. If you want me to clean your windows, please give me a week’s notice. I am very busy this month. (compound-complex sentence)
  ●答案:
  7. If you want me to clean your windows, please give me a week’s notice, for I am very busy this month.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 了解compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)的构成:顾名思义,compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)是由复合句并列而形成的。具体地说,compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)可以是一个简单句与一个主从复合句用并列连接词连接起来的,也可以是两个主从复合句的并列。
  (2) 第7题原句中的第一个句子是含有条件状语从句的主从复合句,第一句与第二句是前因后果的关系,将两句话用并列连接词for连接起来,即可合并为一个compound - complex sentence(并列复合句)。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)Please give me a week’s notice if you want me to clean your windows, because I am very busy this month.
  (分析)此句仍是complex sentence(复合句),因为because为从属连接词。在表示原因的连接词中,只有for是并列连接词,用于连接两个具有并列关系的分句。阅卷中发现,相当多的考生没有掌握好连接词for的用法。
  六,考核知识点:考查对parallel4 structure概念的掌握和运用
  ●试题:
  8. Minnie bought a ticket to the play. She went out for dinner. She arrived at the theater by 8:00. (parallel structure)
  ●答案:
  8. Minnie bought a ticket to the play, went out for dinner, and arrived at the theater by 8:00.
  ●解题关键:
  (1) 明确parallel structure(平行结构)的特点:parallel structure(平行结构)是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表示出来。平行的结构可以是单词、词组、从句,也可以是句子。
  (2) 第8题原有的三个短句中,主语均为Minnie,谓语动词bought、went out、及arrived是意思并列的成分,可以成为平行结构。
  ●考生典型答题错误分析
  (错误)Minnie bought a ticket to the play, arrived at the theater by 8:00,and went out for dinner.
  (分析)Minnie买票、外出吃饭、到达剧院是按照时间顺序先后发生的,次序不能随意更改。
  (错误)Minnie bought a ticket to the play, went out for dinner, then arrived at the theater by 8:00.
  (分析)then不是并列连接词,不能取代and。
  上一讲,我们对第一种题型"重写句子"的考核知识点与解题思路进行了分析和探讨,并对考生答题中的典型错误作了剖析。本讲我们将研究第二种题型"改写病句",病句中的一些语病在中国学生的英文写作中十分常见,值得认真推敲。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 periodic mSuzi     
adj.周期的,定期的,时而发生的
参考例句:
  • Long long ago,we knew the periodic motion of a planet.很久以前,我们就知道行星的周期运动。
  • These arrangements are subject to periodic reviews.这几项安排每隔一定时间须予复查。
2 compound MXEzZ     
n.化合物;大院;adj.化合的;vt.加重;使化合
参考例句:
  • Air is a mixture,not a compound of gases.空气是气体的混合物,不是化合物。
  • How many households in the compound?院内有几家住户?
3 concepts ff4e01de0bd379280a0157bd102cc5f0     
n.概念( concept的名词复数 );观念;想法;总的印象
参考例句:
  • He speaks in concepts rather than specifics. 他讲话时尽用抽象概念,而不谈具体。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The word "beauty" comprehends various concepts. “美”这个词包括许多概念。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
4 parallel yKJxX     
n.相似处;平行线;纬线;adj.平行的;类似的
参考例句:
  • This is the parallel points in the characters of different men.这就是不同人物间个性上的类似之处。
  • The growth of the two towns was almost parallel.这两个城镇的发展几乎相同。
本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎点击提交分享给大家。
------分隔线----------------------------
TAG标签:   写作  基础  思路  写作  基础  思路
顶一下
(97)
100%
踩一下
(0)
0%
最新评论 查看所有评论
发表评论 查看所有评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:
听力搜索
推荐频道
论坛新贴