英语4个基本句式

 S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓） 

Time flies. 

1) S + V + adverbial(状语） 

Birds sing beautifully. 

2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语） 

He went on holiday.

3) S + Vi+ Infinitive¹ (不定式） 

We stopped to have a rest. 

4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词） 

I'll go swimming. 

2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） 

We like English. 

1) S + VT + N/Pron 

I like music. 

I like her. 

2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式） 

I want to help him. 

常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose², purpose, refuse, want, wish等。 

3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive 

I don't know what to do. 

常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire³, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。 

4) S + VT + Gerund 

I enjoy living here. 

常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。 

5) S + VT + That-clause 

I don't think (that) he is right. 

常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess⁴, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）。 

3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表） 

We are Chinese. 

除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 

1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词） 

He is a boy. 

This is mine. 

2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词） 

She is beautiful. 

3) S + Lv + Adv (副词） 

Class is over. 

4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase 

He is in good health. 

5) S + Lv + Participle(分词） 

He is excited. 

The film is interesting. 

4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾） 

I give you help. 

1) S + VT + N/Pron + N 

I sent him a book. 

I bought May a book. 

2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase 

He sent a book to me. 

He bought a coat for me. 

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant⁵, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render⁶, restore⁷, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing, spare等。

1 infinitive   

n.不定词；adj.不定词的

参考例句：

• The use of the split infinitive is now generally acceptable.分裂不定式的用法现在已被广泛接受。
• Modal verbs generally take the bare infinitive.情态动词通常用不带to的不定式。

2 propose   

v.提出，建议；提名，推荐

参考例句：

• Did he propose marriage to you?他向你求婚了吗？
• I propose resting for an hour.我建议休息一小时。

3 inquire   

v.(of, about)询问，打听；调查，查问

参考例句：

• You can inquire of your new neighbors where the post office is.你可以问问你的新邻居邮局在哪儿。
• He went to the hospital to inquire about her.他到医院去打听她的情况。

4 confess   

vt.承认，坦白；vi.承认，坦白，忏悔

参考例句：

• Many Christians regularly confess their guilty actions and thoughts to a priest.很多基督徒都定期向牧师忏悔他们的罪行和恶念。
• I confess to some suspicion of your honesty.我承认对你的诚实有所怀疑。

5 grant   

vt.同意给予，授予，承认；n.拨款；补助款

参考例句：

• If you grant my request, you will earn my thanks.如果你答应我的要求，就会得到我的感谢。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

6 render   

vt.给予；提供(帮助等)；使得；使成为

参考例句：

• Any assistance you can render him will be appreciated.无论给予他何种帮助，他都会非常感激。
• We are going to render them economic assistance.我们打算向他们提供经济援助。

7 restore   

vt.把…恢复原状；归还，交还

参考例句：

• A good rest will restore you to health.好好休息一下可使你恢复健康。
• His recent success has helped to restore his faith in his own ability.他最近取得的成功使他恢复了对自己能力的信任。