GRE阅读：如何快速锁定正确答案

 　　GRE阅读理解考查的范围非常广，不像填空、类比和反义那样注重基础和词汇量，而GRE考试的阅读又与其他考试中的阅读有很大区别，所以在技巧方法上也要区分对待。GRE阅读中多见长句，对理解造成很大障碍，然而这一大特点也促使形成了解决GRE阅读的一个制胜法宝--从原文中来，到原文中去。因为长句具有较高 的难度，所以出题者会把很大的精力放在对句子本身的理解上，而不像其他考试中的阅读那样主要侧重对文章内容的理解。在实际解题过程中，我们如果真正理解并 掌握了这一点，就能提高做题速度和准确性，因为实实在在能从原文中找到证据的答案必定是正确答案。

　　虽然答案是绝对忠于原文的，但它的出现往往都披着迷惑人的外衣，同时其他四个似是而非的选项也会对考生进行干扰。对原文中句子变形的方法多种多样，变形后的 句子所使用的句式和词组搭配常常不同于原句，一般会是对原句的解释和概括，但基本框架不变。一旦正确掌握了原句的复杂结构，选择出正确答案就不会困难了。 以下几个例子都来自考生容易选错的题目：

　　Eg1. According to the passage， random¹ failures in automatic control systems are "not merely trivial aberrations²" because

　　(A) Automatic control systems are designed by engineers who have little practical experience in the field

　　(B) The failures are characteristic of systems designed by engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematics

　　(C) The failures occur too often to be taken lightly

　　(D) Designers of automatic control systems have too little training in the analysisofmechanical difficulties

　　(E) Designers of automatic control systems need more help from scientists who have a better understanding of the analytical³ problems to be solved before such systems can work efficiently⁴

　　本题在原文中的定位为：Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos⁵ that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics. 这个句子中间用分号隔开，分号前的部分对应着题干中的问题，分号后即是对前半句的解释，也就是说这个句子本身就是一问一答型，答案就是后半句话，在选择答 案时我们只要看哪个选项是对这句话的变形即可。注意这半句话中chaos是一个关键词，that 引导定语从句，而这个定语从句中又有一个关键短语：result in，这个短语是表示结果的，然后看它的宾语是mathematics，而这个名词是不能被替换掉的，直接从五个选项中挑选，只有B说出了 mathematics，无疑这就是正确答案了。解答本题时能看出mathematics这一重心之后，根本不需要自己进行任何总结和概括，看出哪个选项 是对原句的变形就全部搞定了。我们再仔细看一下B答案，其中rely heavily on代替了原句中的chaos result in，而意义与先前保持一致。

　　Eg2. According to the passage， certain serious contemporary photographers expressly make which of the following claims about their photographs?

　　(A)Their photographs could be created by almost anyone who had a camera and the time to devote to the activity.

　　(B)Their photographs are not examples of art but are examples of the photographers' impartial⁶ observation of the world.

　　(C)Their photographs are important because of their subjects but not because of the responses they evoke⁷ in viewers.

　　(D)Their photographs exhibit the same ageless principles of form and shading that have been used in painting.

　　(E) Their photographs represent a conscious glorification⁸ of the mechanical aspects oftwentieth-century life.

　　本 题在原文中的定位为：Serious photographers variously claim to be finding， recording⁹， impartially¹⁰ observing， witnessing events， exploring themselves-anything but making works of art. 注意anything but 是“决不”的意思，B答案就是对这句话的变形，只不过是把原文中所列出的几种形式用examples概括罢了。在这个例子中还要注意的是原句中的 anything but注定了其变形应该表示否定，按照这种理解很容易选出正确答案。

　　Eg3. According to the passage， what did Hargrave and GREen do in the laboratory?

　　(A) They compared the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory with the natural grazing rates of these species.

　　(B) They hypothesized about the population density¹¹ of grazers in natural habitats by using data concerning the population density of grazers in the laboratory.

　　(C) They estimated the community grazing rates of zooplankton in the laboratory by using data concerning the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton.

　　(D) They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using data concerning the known population density of phytoplankton.

　　(E) They estimated the natural community grazing rates of zooplankton by using laboratory data concerning the grazing rates of individual zooplankton species.

　　本题在原文中的定位为：Studies by Hargrave and GREen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing¹² community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. 原句比较复杂，并且使用and then介绍操作顺序，在理解原句时要分清主要动作和次要动作，而选项中给出的句子都非常短，也就是要对原句进行压缩，找出主要动作。理解了这种变形之 后，不难发现正确答案为E。

　　通过以上三个例子的解析我们可以看出GRE阅读并没有想象中的那么难，相反，由于很多题目的答案就是对原文句子的变形，掌握了规律之后它较之其他阅读更容易 获取正确答案而且不容易发生争议。所以我们一定要牢记“从原文中来，到原文中去”的原则，按照问题在原文定位之后，认真分析原句句子结构，提炼出关键词 语，再从五个选项中进行对照，一定能找出唯一正确的答案。

　　本文详细的介绍了GRE阅读理解选择答案的技巧，参加GRE考试的同学，可以通过本文掌握这些技巧，希望能够帮助大家更好的应对GRE阅读理解考试。

1 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。

2 aberrations   

n.偏差( aberration的名词复数 )；差错；脱离常规；心理失常

参考例句：

• These events were aberrations from the norm. 这些事件不合常规。 来自辞典例句
• These chromosome aberrations are all stable, compatible with cell viability. 这些染色体畸变都是稳定的，不影响细胞生活力的。 来自辞典例句

3 analytical   

adj.分析的；用分析法的

参考例句：

• I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
• As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。

4 efficiently   

adv.高效率地，有能力地

参考例句：

• The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
• Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。

5 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

6 impartial   

adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的

参考例句：

• He gave an impartial view of the state of affairs in Ireland.他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。
• Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.就业指导员向所有学生提供公正无私的建议。

7 evoke   

vt.唤起，引起，使人想起

参考例句：

• These images are likely to evoke a strong response in the viewer.这些图像可能会在观众中产生强烈反响。
• Her only resource was the sympathy she could evoke.她以凭借的唯一力量就是她能从人们心底里激起的同情。

8 glorification   

n.赞颂

参考例句：

• Militant devotion to and glorification of one's country; fanatical patriotism. 对国家的军事效忠以及美化；狂热的爱国主义。
• Glorification-A change of place, a new condition with God. 得荣─在神面前新处境，改变了我们的结局。

9 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

10 impartially   

adv.公平地，无私地

参考例句：

• Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. 雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。
• We hope that they're going to administer justice impartially. 我们希望他们能主持正义，不偏不倚。

11 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

12 computing   

n.计算

参考例句：

• to work in computing 从事信息处理
• Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代（约1980年），他们就创办了软件公司。