美国中情局和中国的熊猫外交

 　　In the late 1950s, US relations with Communist China were virtually nonexistent. Trade had been tightly controlled since China's intervention¹ in North Korea in 1950, and, to deny Beijing any advantage from commercial or financial transactions, the Secretary of the Treasury² issued strict regulations prohibiting the import of goods that originated in or had passed through Communist China. There were rarely any exceptions, even for pandas.

　　在上个世纪50年代，美国几乎与中国共产党没有任何交流。自1950年抗美援朝战争开始，美国便严格控制与中国之间的贸易往来，并且拒绝给予北京任何商业或者金融交易上的便利。美国财政部出台严格的法规，禁止进口原产地在中国或者经过中国运输的货物。即使是熊猫也不能例外。

　　美国中情局和中国的熊猫外交.jpg

　　In 1958, one frustrated³ animal importer tried a different tactic⁴. He took his case to the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), Allen Dulles.

　　1958年，一个饱受挫折的动物进口商采取了不同的策略。他把他的情况告诉了中情局局长艾伦·杜勒斯。

　　Heini Demmer, an Austrian animal dealer⁵, and Frederik Zeehandelaar, a noted⁶ animal importer in New Jersey⁷, wanted Dulles's help in obtaining permission from the Treasury to bring into the US a giant panda.

　　奥地利动物经销商海尼·德默和新泽西州一个著名的动物进口商弗雷德里克，想要获得艾伦的帮助从而取得美国财政部同意进口熊猫的许可。

　　On January 10, 1958 Dulles received a note with Treasury's decision: Allowing Chi Chi to enter the US would "constitute a serious departure from the basic policies" laid out in the regulations. Moreover, a giant panda would receive a great deal of publicity⁸ and that would lead to a need for Treasury to make a public explanation of the reasons for granting an exception. Unless the DCI had other suggestions, the note stated, the matter was closed.

　　1958年1月10日，杜勒斯收到一份财政部决定的通知说：允许竒奇进入美国将"严重偏离"法规中罗列的"基本政策"。此外，熊猫来美势必会受到大量宣传，而将导致财政部需公开解释允许例外的原因。通知中还说，除非中情局长有另外的建议，此事将不再考虑。

　　Treasury's resistance was not entirely⁹ unwarranted. Since the first live panda had been brought to the US in 1936 (registered aboard a ship as a puppy), the giant panda had captured the popular imagination—and become a potent¹⁰ political symbol.

　　财政部的抗拒并非是毫无道理的。自从1936年，第一只活熊猫被带到美国（上船时登记为小狗），大熊猫便得到了美国大众的欢迎，并成为了强有力的政治象征。

　　Madame Chiang Kai-shek, wife of the leader of the Republic of China, had dispatched a pair of the bears to the Bronx Zoo in 1941; arriving just after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, they became a symbol of a crucial wartime alliance.

　　中华民国总统夫人，蒋介石妻子宋美玲于1941年送了一对大熊猫给布朗克斯动物园（译者注此动物园是世界十大动物园之一，位于美国纽约市）。它们到达的时间刚好是日本攻击珍珠港后，它们也变成了这个战时重要同盟关系的象征。

　　During the decades after the Communist Chinese took control in 1949, as one historian of panda diplomat¹¹ notes, they would "benefit from the careful deployment¹² of captive pandas for explicitly¹³ political purposes

　　在1949年中共接管了中国的几十年之间，正如一位研究熊猫外交的历史学家所认为的，中国通过大熊猫的部署从而获得了政治利益。

　　The media manifested little patience with the political symbolism of pandas and seemed to have been unaware¹⁴ of Dulles's behind-the-scenes representations on Chi Chi's behalf. They were aware of the rejection¹⁵, however, and their commentary was harsh.

　　当时媒体的报道似乎也验证了人们对熊猫作为政治象征的不耐烦,而媒体似乎没有意识到杜勒斯秘密代表了奇奇，但是媒体确实知道美国拒绝了熊猫,所以媒体发出了尖锐的评论。

　　"The clown of the animal world has been refused entry because it is a resident of Communist China. -----New York Times,May 7,1958

　　"动物世界的丑角被拒绝入境，因为它是党中国的居民。-----纽约时报，1958年5月7日

　　"The state department, despite pleas from leading zoos for clemency¹⁶, argues that to admit the young panda – darling of animal lovers and toymakers – would violate the law forbidding trade with Communist China."

　　"尽管美国主要动物园请求宽大处理，但是美国国务院依然认为如果让熊猫—— 动物爱好者和玩具厂家的最爱——进入美国， 这样做将违反禁止与共产主义中国贸易的法律"。

　　According to the Washington Post, "The majesty¹⁷ of the United States has been employed to exclude a giant panda from this country...The zoos which have been bidding for him must be content merely to describe to their visitors what a panda is—or to pretend, in the fashion of the State Department attitude toward the Communist government in Peking, that he simply doesn't exist. Perhaps this sort of panda-ing to rigidity¹⁸ is what is needed to demonstrate the inanity¹⁹ of a policy based on fiction."

　　据华盛顿邮报报道，"美国的权威机构禁止大熊猫的进入......那些请求进口大熊猫的动物园只能满足于仅仅向来访者描述熊猫是什么样子的，或者像美国国务院对中国政府所实行的态度那样，假装根本就不存在所谓的大熊猫。 这样的熊猫政策正好表明了美国对华政策的愚蠢。

　　"Spurned²⁰ by Washington, Chi Chi made a triumphal tour of Europe, visiting Frankfurt, Copenhagen, and Berlin before finally winding²¹ up at the London Zoo. With the brief exception of a failed conjugal²² visit to Moscow, she lived there until July 1972.

　　"虽然遭到华盛顿的忽视，但是奇奇在欧洲还算顺利，在访问了法兰克福、 哥本哈根和柏林之后终于落户在伦敦动物园。后来前往莫斯科，她一直住在那里直到1972年7月。

　　Just a few months before her death, two pandas—Hsing Hsing and Ling Ling—arrived in Washington, a gift from China after President Richard Nixon's visit to Beijing that year. Ironically, they entered the US through Dulles Airport, named after the same John Foster Dulles whose hatred²³ of "Red China" had helped block Chi Chi's arrival.

　　就在她刚刚死的几个月前，两只熊猫 — — 玲玲和兴兴 — — 抵达华盛顿，就在总统理查德 · 尼克松访问北京那一年，这是中国送给美国的礼物。他们在美国杜勒斯机场下飞机，讽刺的是机场名字正是以约翰 · 福斯特 · 杜勒斯命名，就是那个仇恨"红色中国"从而阻止奇奇来美国的人。

1 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

2 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

3 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 tactic   

n.战略，策略；adj.战术的，有策略的

参考例句：

• Reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
• She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。

5 dealer   

n.商人，贩子

参考例句：

• The dealer spent hours bargaining for the painting.那个商人为购买那幅画花了几个小时讨价还价。
• The dealer reduced the price for cash down.这家商店对付现金的人减价优惠。

6 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

7 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

8 publicity   

n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告

参考例句：

• The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
• He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事，只当它是一种宣传手法。

9 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

10 potent   

adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的

参考例句：

• The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
• We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。

11 diplomat   

n.外交官，外交家；能交际的人，圆滑的人

参考例句：

• The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.那位外交官插进一个笑话，紧张的气氛顿时缓和下来。
• He served as a diplomat in Russia before the war.战前他在俄罗斯当外交官。

12 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

13 explicitly   

ad.明确地，显然地

参考例句：

• The plan does not explicitly endorse the private ownership of land. 该计划没有明确地支持土地私有制。
• SARA amended section 113 to provide explicitly for a right to contribution. 《最高基金修正与再授权法案》修正了第123条，清楚地规定了分配权。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

14 unaware   

a.不知道的，未意识到的

参考例句：

• They were unaware that war was near. 他们不知道战争即将爆发。
• I was unaware of the man's presence. 我没有察觉到那人在场。

15 rejection   

n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃

参考例句：

• He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
• The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。

16 clemency   

n.温和，仁慈，宽厚

参考例句：

• The question of clemency would rest with the King.宽大处理问题，将由国王决定。
• They addressed to the governor a plea for clemency.他们向州长提交了宽刑的申辨书。

17 majesty   

n.雄伟，壮丽，庄严，威严；最高权威，王权

参考例句：

• The king had unspeakable majesty.国王有无法形容的威严。
• Your Majesty must make up your mind quickly!尊贵的陛下，您必须赶快做出决定！

18 rigidity   

adj.钢性，坚硬

参考例句：

• The rigidity of the metal caused it to crack.这金属因刚度强而产生裂纹。
• He deplored the rigidity of her views.他痛感她的观点僵化。

19 inanity   

n.无意义，无聊

参考例句：

• Their statement was a downright inanity.他们的声明是彻头彻尾的废话。
• I laugh all alone at my complete inanity.十分无聊时，我就独自大笑。

20 spurned   

v.一脚踢开，拒绝接受( spurn的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Eve spurned Mark's invitation. 伊夫一口回绝了马克的邀请。
• With Mrs. Reed, I remember my best was always spurned with scorn. 对里德太太呢，我记得我的最大努力总是遭到唾弃。 来自辞典例句

21 winding   

n.绕，缠，绕组，线圈

参考例句：

• A winding lane led down towards the river.一条弯弯曲曲的小路通向河边。
• The winding trail caused us to lose our orientation.迂回曲折的小道使我们迷失了方向。

22 conjugal   

adj.婚姻的，婚姻性的

参考例句：

• Conjugal visits are banned,so marriages break down.配偶访问是禁止的，罪犯的婚姻也因此破裂。
• Conjugal fate is something delicate.缘分，其实是一种微妙的东西。

23 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。