里约奥运会上 巴西观众为啥嘘声不断

 　　It didn’t take long for the Brazilians to rewrite the norms of Olympic fandom.

　　巴西人没用几天就改写了奥运会观赛规则。

　　The list of Olympic participants targeted by Brazilian boos is long and varied¹: Russians, due to its doping scandal; Spaniards, as symbols of Latin American colonialism; a tennis ball boy who had butterfingers; favorites—like the poor Romanian women’s handball team—when they played the underdogs; and, of course, anyone from Brazil’s historic rival Argentina, who probably get the worst of it.

　　本届奥运会惨遭巴西观众嘘声的人不计其数：俄罗斯人，因为嗑药丑闻；西班牙人，因为象征了拉美殖民主义；网球球童，因为有黄油手；观众最喜欢嘘的是不被看好的一方，比如可怜的罗马尼亚女子手球队；当然了，还有他们的世仇阿根廷，被嘘得最惨。

　　Pole vaulter² Renaud Lavillenie was booed by the Rio fans—twice in 24 hours—to the point he was in floods of tears on the podium, leading the International Olympic Committee president Thomas Bach to take the unprecedented³ step of saying the crowd’s antics were “unacceptable at the Olympics.”

　　撑杆跳运动员李纳德?拉维莱涅在24小时内被嘘了两次，他最后在领奖台上被观众们嘘哭了。国际奥委会主席托马斯?巴赫都看不下去了，史无前例地站出来发声，说观众们的行为“在奥运会上令人无法接受”。

　　Pole-vaulter Renaud Lavillenie consoled by Thiago Braz and Sergei Bubka after he was booed at medal ceremony

　　撑杆跳运动员拉维莱涅在颁奖仪式上被嘘，之后蒂亚戈?布拉兹和谢尔盖?布卡安慰了他

　　— IOC MEDIA (@iocmedia) August 17, 2016

　　——国际奥委会（@iocmedia）2016年8月17日

　　The fans were so boisterous⁴ at a beach volleyball game between the Brazilian and Czech teams that the public address announcer had to repeatedly admonish⁵ them against booing the visitors. A normally staid air-pistol event almost turned into a melee⁷ when unruly Brazilian fans tried rattling⁸ the concentration of foreigners as they pulled the trigger.

　　在巴西和捷克进行沙滩排球比赛时，巴西球迷非常喧闹，现场广播员不得不反复告诫观众不要嘘客队。好端端的气手枪比赛几乎变成了一场混战，任性的巴西观众总是在外国选手扣动扳机时大声吵闹，试图分散他们的注意力。

　　At a tennis match where fans heckled the player from Argentina, there was a scuffle in the stands (link in Spanish)—perhaps the first ever case of tennis hooliganism.

　　网球赛场上，观众们高声挑衅阿根廷选手，一些人甚至还在看台扭打成一团，估计这是有史以来第一起网球流氓事件。

　　In London four years ago, the British fans got behind not only their own country, but every other in the spirit of sportsmanship. Alberto Murray Neto, a Brazilian lawyer who has served in the past on the Brazilian Olympic Committee, says that as Brazilian soccer dominated the sporting culture here, mastering the codes of other sports will be a learning process for many people who have never seen them played. “This is the Brazilian way, which is different from the very proper English way in 2012,” he says.

　　四年前的伦敦奥运会，英国观众出于体育道德精神，不仅支持本国运动员，同样也支持别国运动员。巴西律师阿尔贝托?默里?内托以前曾在巴西奥委会工作，他表示，巴西的体育文化是以足球为主导的，很多人没有看过别的体育比赛，所以掌握其他比赛的观赛规则还需要学习。“这就是巴西观众的观赛方式，这与2012年伦敦奥运会英国观众非常得体的观赛方式不同。”他说道。

　　At the Riocentro sports complex on Friday night (Aug. 12), the fans were as much the talk of foreign tourists and athletes as the Games themselves. Marian Busch, a German tourist, said Brazilians are wonderful people—as long as you don’t run into them in the bleachers. “They do things that would be considered unfair and unsporting in Europe,” she says.

　　8月12日晚上，在里约中心体育馆，外国游客和运动员们对巴西观众的关注程度不亚于对奥运会本身，并且颇有微词。德国游客玛丽安?布施表示，巴西人非常赞，只要你别在看台上遇到他们。“他们做的事情，在欧洲都会被认为是不公平和无体育道德的。”她说道。

　　While the weightlifters were pictures of concentration as they crouched⁹ over their bars, the low roar from the stands never diminished. The seemingly oblivious¹⁰ Brazilian rooters were shooting selfies, gobbling up concession¹¹ stand snacks and engaging unashamedly in public displays of affection. At one point, when the noise seemed to be distracting a Ukrainian lifter, a group of Ukrainian fans, who looked as pumped up as some of the participants, brusquely told some nearby Brazilians to knock it off.

　　举重运动员在台上摩拳擦掌屏息凝神，而台下的喧嚣声从未衰减。这些似乎不关注比赛的巴西观众在自拍，狂吃零食，公开秀恩爱。眼看一位乌克兰举重选手不堪其扰，一群乌克兰观众看起来像运动员一样情绪激动，他们直接冲到旁边的一群巴西观众面前，勒令他们停止吵闹。

　　In another arena¹², Australia and Malaysia were doing battle in badminton. For reasons that weren’t clear, a large contingent¹³ of Brazilians had adopted the Australian cause that night—more loudly than the Aussies themselves.

　　在另一个场馆里，澳大利亚和马来西亚在进行羽毛球比赛。那天晚上，一大批巴西观众不知怎的支持澳大利亚这边，声音比澳大利亚人还大。

　　Sometimes, the fans just seemed to make noise for its own sake. At one point during a ping-pong event, a cheer went up incongruously in the middle of a long volley. It turned out fans were applauding a slender fellow in a track suit who happened to be sauntering past the bleachers.

　　有时候，观众们纯粹只是为了制造噪音而嘘。在一场乒乓赛事中，观众席上猛地发出一阵不协调的喝彩声，原来只是一个穿着田径服的瘦小伙从看台走过。

　　‘Need to vent⁶’

　　“需要发泄的渠道”

　　Olympic organizers have already asked the crowd to rein¹⁴ it in. “We’ll ask the fans for more silence and elegance¹⁵ during the competitions,” Rio Olympics spokesman Mario Andrada said last week. “The passion of the Brazilian fans pleases us all, but it’s necessary to respect the adversary¹⁶. The Olympics aren’t fútbol games.”

　　奥运会的组织者早已告诉观众要控制自己的行为。里约奥运会的发言人马里奥?安德拉达上周表示：“我们会要求观众在观赛期间保持安静，举止文明。巴西观众的热情固然令人愉悦，但也必须要尊重对手。毕竟奥运会不是足球比赛。”

　　Besides the tradition of soccer, the unruly behavior may have something to do with the hard times Brazilians are currently enduring, sports sociologist¹⁷ Mauricio Murad told Quartz¹⁸. With Brazil’s president facing impeachment¹⁹ while the country endures its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, the scream coming from the bleachers is a primal²⁰ one, Murad says. “Brazilians need to vent right now, and I think that’s what we’re seeing in the stands at the Olympics,” he said.

　　体育社会学家毛里西奥?穆拉德向Quartz网站表示，除了足球传统，观众们的任性行为可能跟巴西人民目前正在经历的困境有关系。巴西总统正面临弹劾，该国正经历着大萧条以来最严重的经济危机，看台上的尖叫声实际上是在释放压抑的情绪。穆拉德说道，“巴西人需要释放的渠道，我认为这渠道就是奥运会看台上的吵闹。”

　　The bad behavior in the bleachers is also a consequence of Brazilians’ relatively²¹ limited interaction with the rest of the world historically, said Ronaldo Lemos, director of the Institute for Technology and Society in Rio de Janeiro. “The issue here is that Brazil is basically a very closed and insular²² country,” he said. “Brazilians do not live on a day-to-day basis with international people.”

　　里约技术与社会协会主任罗纳尔多?莱莫斯表示，看台上的恶劣行为也是巴西人对外交往有限的结果。“问题在于，巴西基本是一个很封闭和孤立的国家，”他说道，“巴西人跟那些国际观众的三观不一样。”

　　Having not traveled very much, he added, Brazilians may believe that their own manners are “universal.” That is, this is how everyone behaves.

　　巴西人出国旅行太少，他补充道，他们可能认为自己的行为是“全球通用的”。即，他们认为大家都会这样做。

　　Columnist²³ Marcos Sergio Silva wrote that the conduct of fans also reflects the tendency of Brazilians to turn every event into a morality play along the lines of a telenovela, or soap opera. “At bottom, we’re Manichean in the extreme and we always need to select villains,” he wrote.

　　专栏作家马科斯?塞尔吉奥?席尔瓦写道，巴西观众的举止反映出他们喜欢把一切事情当作如同肥皂剧般的伦理剧，“实际上，我们很像一群摩尼教徒，总要选出一个坏人来。”他写道。

　　The German tennis player Dustin Brown, who was getting booed while competing against Brazilian Thomaz Bellucci, actually seemed to relish²⁴ the villain’s role, egging the hostile crowd on. Chinese table tennis player Zhang Jike put his index finger to his lips to quiet the fans.

　　德国网球选手达斯汀?布朗在跟巴西选手托马斯?贝鲁奇交手时被观众狂嘘，他反而很享受当坏人的感觉，甚至给观众煽风点火。中国乒乓球选手张继科则把食指放在嘴边让观众安静。

　　Of course, that only made the jeering²⁵ worse.

　　当然，那只会招来更大的嘘声。

1 varied   

adj.多样的，多变化的

参考例句：

• The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
• The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。

2 vaulter   

n.撑竿跳运动员

参考例句：

• The pole vaulter bettered the world's record by five inches. 这名撑杆跳高运动员以5英寸之多超过了世界纪录。
• And the almost unbeatable pole-vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva added one more gold to Russia's tally. 几乎不可战胜的撑杆跳高名将伊辛巴耶娃又给俄罗斯军团增添一金。

3 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

4 boisterous   

adj.喧闹的，欢闹的

参考例句：

• I don't condescend to boisterous displays of it.我并不屈就于它热热闹闹的外表。
• The children tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play.孩子们经常是先静静地聚集在一起，不一会就开始吵吵嚷嚷戏耍开了。

5 admonish   

v.训戒；警告；劝告

参考例句：

• I will tactfully admonish him not to behave like this again.我会婉转的规诫他不要再这样做。
• Admonish your friends privately,but praise them openly.要私下告戒朋友，但是要公开夸奖朋友。

6 vent   

n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄

参考例句：

• He gave vent to his anger by swearing loudly.他高声咒骂以发泄他的愤怒。
• When the vent became plugged,the engine would stop.当通风口被堵塞时，发动机就会停转。

7 melee   

n.混战；混战的人群

参考例句：

• There was a scuffle and I lost my hat in the melee.因发生一场斗殴，我的帽子也在混乱中丢失了。
• In the melee that followed they trampled their mother a couple of times.他们打在一团，七手八脚的又踩了他们的母亲几下。

8 rattling   

adj. 格格作响的, 活泼的, 很好的 adv. 极其, 很, 非常 动词rattle的现在分词

参考例句：

• This book is a rattling good read. 这是一本非常好的读物。
• At that same instant,a deafening explosion set the windows rattling. 正在这时，一声震耳欲聋的爆炸突然袭来，把窗玻璃震得当当地响。

9 crouched   

v.屈膝，蹲伏( crouch的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He crouched down beside her. 他在她的旁边蹲了下来。
• The lion crouched ready to pounce. 狮子蹲下身，准备猛扑。

10 oblivious   

adj.易忘的，遗忘的，忘却的，健忘的

参考例句：

• Mother has become quite oblivious after the illness.这次病后，妈妈变得特别健忘。
• He was quite oblivious of the danger.他完全没有察觉到危险。

11 concession   

n.让步，妥协；特许(权)

参考例句：

• We can not make heavy concession to the matter.我们在这个问题上不能过于让步。
• That is a great concession.这是很大的让步。

12 arena   

n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台

参考例句：

• She entered the political arena at the age of 25. 她25岁进入政界。
• He had not an adequate arena for the exercise of his talents.他没有充分发挥其才能的场所。

13 contingent   

adj.视条件而定的；n.一组，代表团，分遣队

参考例句：

• The contingent marched in the direction of the Western Hills.队伍朝西山的方向前进。
• Whether or not we arrive on time is contingent on the weather.我们是否按时到达要视天气情况而定。

14 rein   

n.疆绳，统治，支配；vt.以僵绳控制，统治

参考例句：

• The horse answered to the slightest pull on the rein.只要缰绳轻轻一拉,马就作出反应。
• He never drew rein for a moment till he reached the river.他一刻不停地一直跑到河边。

15 elegance   

n.优雅；优美，雅致；精致，巧妙

参考例句：

• The furnishings in the room imparted an air of elegance.这个房间的家具带给这房间一种优雅的气氛。
• John has been known for his sartorial elegance.约翰因为衣着讲究而出名。

16 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。

17 sociologist   

n.研究社会学的人，社会学家

参考例句：

• His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。
• Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。

18 quartz   

n.石英

参考例句：

• There is a great deal quartz in those mountains.那些山里蕴藏着大量石英。
• The quartz watch keeps good time.石英表走时准。

19 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

20 primal   

adj.原始的；最重要的

参考例句：

• Jealousy is a primal emotion.嫉妒是最原始的情感。
• Money was a primal necessity to them.对于他们，钱是主要的需要。

21 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

22 insular   

adj.岛屿的，心胸狭窄的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• Having lived in one place all his life,his views are insular.他一辈子住在一个地方，所以思想狭隘。

23 columnist   

n.专栏作家

参考例句：

• The host was interviewing a local columnist.节目主持人正在同一位当地的专栏作家交谈。
• She's a columnist for USA Today.她是《今日美国报》的专栏作家。

24 relish   

n.滋味，享受，爱好，调味品；vt.加调味料，享受，品味；vi.有滋味

参考例句：

• I have no relish for pop music.我对流行音乐不感兴趣。
• I relish the challenge of doing jobs that others turn down.我喜欢挑战别人拒绝做的工作。

25 jeering   

adj.嘲弄的，揶揄的v.嘲笑( jeer的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Hecklers interrupted her speech with jeering. 捣乱分子以嘲笑打断了她的讲话。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He interrupted my speech with jeering. 他以嘲笑打断了我的讲话。 来自《简明英汉词典》