单身女性越稀少地区 女性结婚越早

    According to the Livescience.com of September 17, wedding bells ring sooner for women in places where single ladies are scarce, showed a new study of metropolitan¹ areas in the US。
    Where single women are rare, women marry earlier, researchers reported August 4 in the journal Evolutionary² Psychology³. The shift may be because the ladies have more men to choose from, while the men have extra motivation to put a ring on it。
    "Women are basically getting snapped up, because the guys want to get her before somebody else does," study author Daniel Kruger, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Michigan, told LiveScience。
    Kruger first became interested in studying the effects of gender⁴ imbalance on the marriage market when he caught a glimpse of a magazine cover on a trip to New York City。
    "It had this cover picture on it that said, 'Attack of the Single Woman,' and it had this giant woman with a big red dress like Godzilla tromping through the city," Kruger recalled. "It made me wonder just what would happen to these relationship dynamics⁵ if there really was a surplus of single women."After controlling for income and race, Kruger found that in areas where women were scarce, women married slightly earlier. Men's average age of marriage didn't change relative to the abundance of potential mates, but they did show more variability in the age when they married than women did. That's likely because guys who can snag a women will settle down quickly, Kruger said, but because women can be more choosey, other men may have to build up their finances and social status before they can catch a bride。
    The top five areas where women were scarce, with their gender ratio and median age of marriage for women, were: Las Vegas: ratio 116, 24.5 years (Median marriage age for women)； San Diego: ratio 115, 25.9 years; Salt Lake City: ratio 113, 23.2 years ; Austin, Texas: ratio 112, 26.2 years; Phoenix⁶: ratio 111, 25 years。
    The top five areas where men were scarce were: Birmingham, Alabama: ratio 88, 26.7 years (Median marriage age for women)； Memphis, Tennessee: ratio 88, 27.2 years; New Orleans: ratio 89, 27.8 years; Richmond, Virginia: ratio 89, 26.3 years; A three-way tie for New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C., ratio 92, where median marriage ages were 28.3, 27.9 and 27.8, respectively。
    据生活科学网站9月17日报道，美国一项对大城市进行的最新调查研究表明，单身女性越少的地区，婚礼钟声为她们敲响的越早。
    研究者的调查刊登在8月4日的《进化心理学杂志》，标题是“女性越稀少的地方女性结婚越早”，这种变化的原因可能是如果女性选择的对象很多，那么男性就有更多的动力迫切地想把戒指戴在某个人手上。
    调查研究作者、密歇根大学进化心理学家丹尼尔?克鲁格告诉生活科学网，“(在女性稀少的地区)，女性基本上结婚都很早，这是因为男性们想赶在同伴之前把她们抢到手。”
    克鲁格在一次去纽约的旅行中偶尔看到一本杂志的封面，从此对研究婚姻中性别失衡造成的影响产生了极大地兴趣。
    克鲁格回忆说，“封面图片配的文字是‘对单身女性的攻击’, 图片上是一个身穿艳丽红色裙子、身材巨硕的女人，就像是一个穿越城市的哥斯拉。它让我思考如果有大量的‘剩女’，那男女动态发展将会发生怎样的变化。”
    在把收入和种族的因素也考虑进去，克鲁格发现女性稀少的地区，女性结婚要略早一些。男性平均结婚年龄没有因男性数目较多而有所变化，但是男性结婚以后的变化要比女性大，这是因为男性一旦结婚很快就安定下来，女性比较挑剔，其他男性如果要结婚，可能要先有坚实的经济基础和社会地位。
    女性人数稀少、性别比例高和平均结婚年龄较小的前五大城市分别是拉斯维加斯，比例是116，24.5岁(女性平均结婚年龄)；圣地亚哥，比例是115，女性平均结婚年龄是25.9岁；盐湖城市，比例是113，女性平均结婚年龄是23.2岁；德克萨斯州奥斯汀，比例是112，女性平均结婚年龄是26.2岁；菲尼克斯，比例是111，女性平均结婚年龄是25岁。
    男性人数稀少的前五大城市分别是：阿拉巴马州伯明翰，比例是88，女性平均结婚年龄是26.7岁；田纳西州孟菲斯，比例是88，女性平均结婚年龄是27.2岁；新奥尔良，比例是89，女性平均结婚年龄是27.8岁；弗吉尼亚州的里士满，比例是89，女性平均结婚年龄是26.3岁；纽约、费城和华盛顿三大城市的比例是92，女性平均结婚年龄分别是28.3岁、27.9岁和27.8岁。

1 metropolitan   

adj.大城市的，大都会的

参考例句：

• Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
• Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。

2 evolutionary   

adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的

参考例句：

• Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
• These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。

3 psychology   

n.心理，心理学，心理状态

参考例句：

• She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
• He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

4 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

5 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

6 phoenix   

n.凤凰，长生(不死)鸟；引申为重生

参考例句：

• The airline rose like a phoenix from the ashes.这家航空公司又起死回生了。
• The phoenix worship of China is fetish worship not totem adoration.中国凤崇拜是灵物崇拜而非图腾崇拜。