盘点西方人的新年美食

　  盘点西方人的新年美食
    其实一直觉得西方人的食物都挺贫乏的。感恩节刚吃完火鸡、圣诞又接着吃，总不至于新年还吃吧？于是老外们就开口啦，我们新年可是有“幸运食物”的！那么这些“幸运食物”到底是哪些食物呢？
自己煮一餐幸运食物，给自己来年添点运气。
For many， January 1 offers an opportunity to forget the past and make a clean start． But instead of leaving everything up to fate， why not enjoy a meal to increase your good fortune? There are a variety of foods that are believed to be lucky。
对于很多人而言，新年是一个忘掉过去、重新开始的机会。不过，相比把一切都交给命运，干嘛不给自己煮一餐幸运食物，给自己来年添点运气呢？在美国和其他一些西方国家，有这么一些食物是大家新年常吃的，也就是人们常说的幸运食物了。
西班牙人会在新年的夜晚吃掉12颗葡萄
Grapes
New Year's revelers in Spain consume twelve grapes at midnight—one grape for each stroke of the clock． Lately， each grape then represents a different month， so if for instance the third grape is a bit sour，March might be a rocky month． For most， the goal is to swallow all the grapes before the last stroke of midnight。
西班牙人会在新年的夜晚吃掉12颗葡萄——每一粒葡萄就代表一个时辰。而后，这项传统演变为：一粒葡萄代表每年的一个月。所以，如果你吃到的第三粒葡萄有点酸，那么来年3月可能就不顺。不过最盛行的习俗，还是赶在午夜钟响以前把所有葡萄都吃掉！
美国南方，羽衣甘蓝也是选择之一。
Cooked Greens
Cooked greens， including cabbage，collards， and chard， are consumed at New Year's in different countries for a simple reason — their green leaves look like folded money， and are thus symbolic² of economic fortune． The Danish eat stewed³ kale sprinkled with sugar and cinnamon， the Germans consume sauerkraut （cabbage） while in the southern United States， collards are the green of choice． It's widely believed that the more greens one eats the larger one's fortune next year。
诸如卷心菜、甘蓝菜和厚皮菜这样的绿色蔬菜也是很多国家的新年食品。人们吃它原因很简单：它们绿油油的叶子就像是钞票上的绿色，所以吃掉它们就表示来年财运不断。在丹麦，人们会吃炖甘蓝菜、配糖霜和桂皮；在德国，酸白菜是菜单之一；美国南方，羽衣甘蓝也是选择之一。大部分人都相信，吃掉这些绿色蔬菜，来年就财源滚滚啦！
Legumes
Legumes including beans， peas， and lentils are also symbolic of money． Their small， seed like appearance resembles coins that swell⁴ when cooked so they are consumed with financial rewards in mind． In Italy， it's customary to eat cot chino con¹ lenticchie or sausages and green lentils． Germans also partner legumes and pork， usually lentil or split pea soup with sausage． In the Southern United States， it's traditional to eat black－eyed peas in a dish called hoppin' john． There are even those who believe in eating one pea for every day in the new year。
包括豆荚、豌豆和小扁豆在内的豆类也被视为是钱的象征。因为它们小小的豆粒看起来就像是硬币，煮过以后涨起来、吃下去就像得到钱一样。在意大利，人们用腊肠来配豆子吃；德国的传统搭配是酸白菜加猪肉，通常还有扁豆汤；美国南方的传统是一道叫“希望约翰”的菜，里面有黑豆。甚至有人相信，在新年里每天吃一粒豆子都会给来年带来好运。
新年吃猪的传统是基于人们认为这种动物象征着进步
Pork
The custom of eating pork on New Year's is based on the idea that pigs symbolize⁵ progress．Roast suckling pig is served for New Year's in Cuba， Spain，Portugal， Hungary， and Austria—Austrians are also known to decorate the table with miniature pigs made of marzipan． Different pork dishes such as pig's feet are enjoyed in Sweden while Germans feast on roast pork and sausages． Pork is also consumed in Italy and the United States，where thanks to its rich fat content， it signifies wealth and prosperity。
新年吃猪的传统是基于人们认为这种动物象征着进步。烤乳猪是古巴、西班牙、葡萄牙、匈牙利和奥地利的传统新年食品。奥地利人还会把杏仁甜饼做成小猪的样子来装饰餐桌。其他的猪肉大餐也在全球各地流行，比如瑞典人吃猪脚；德国人吃猪脚和香肠。在意大利和美国，得益于猪肉丰富的脂肪，人们也把它作为财富的象征。
鱼，是新年餐桌上理性选择。
Fish
Fish is a very logical choice for the New Year's table． According to Mark Kurlansky， author of Cod⁶： A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World， cod has been a popular feast food since the Middle Ages． He compares it to turkey on Thanksgiving． The reason? Long before refrigeration and modern transportation，cod could be preserved and transported allowing it to reach the Mediterranean⁷ and even as far as North Africa and the Caribbean．Kurlansky also believes the Catholic Church's policy against red meat consumption on religious holidays helped make cod， as well as other fish， commonplace at feasts． The Danish eat boiled cod， while in Italy，baccalà， or dried salt cod， is enjoyed from Christmas through New Year's． Herring， another frequently preserved fish， is consumed at midnight in Poland and Germany—Germans also enjoy carp and have been known to place a few fish scales in their wallets for good luck。
鱼，是新年餐桌上理性选择。根据《鳕鱼：一种改变世界的鱼的自传》作者马克·克兰斯基的说法，鳕鱼自中世纪起就是一种广受欢迎的节日食品。他认为鳕鱼相当于感恩节吃的火鸡。什么原因呢？在现代制冷技术和运输手段发明以前，鳕鱼能够长时间不坏，并运送到地中海、甚至是南非、加勒比地区。克兰斯基同时还相信天主教堂反对在宗教节日期间吃红肉的条例帮助了鳕鱼和其他鱼类在节庆中的发展。丹麦人吃煮的鳕鱼；在意大利，人们在圣诞节和新年吃盐渍的干鳕鱼；波兰人和德国人在新年晚上吃另一种常见的鱼类，鲱鱼；德国人同时还喜欢螃蟹，并且相信在口袋里装一些鱼鳞会带来好运。
蛋糕和其他烘焙点心都是圣诞到新年间的食物
Cakes， Etc。
Cakes and other baked goods are commonly served from Christmas to New Year's around the world， with a special emphasis placed on round or ring－shaped items． Italy has chiacchiere，which are honey－drenched balls of pasta dough⁸ fried and dusted with powdered sugar． Poland， Hungary， and the Netherlands also eat donuts，and Holland has ollie bollen， puffy， donut－like pastries⁹ filled with apples， raisins¹⁰， and currants．In certain cultures， it's customary to hide a special trinket or coin inside the cake—the recipient¹¹ will belucky in the new year。
蛋糕和其他烘焙点心在全球各地都是圣诞到新年间的食物，尤其是圆形、或环形的点心。（沪江小编按：求团圆、圆满，看来全球都一样嘛！）意大利人做chiacchiere。那是一种用蜂蜜浸透的面团、炸过再撒上糖霜吃；波兰、匈牙利和荷兰人吃甜甜圈。荷兰人的“甜甜圈”olliebollen质地松软，里面的馅儿有苹果、葡萄干和加仑子。在某些文化里，还有把硬币塞进蛋糕里的传统，吃到的人来年会有好运气。
有一些最好在新年避开的食物
What Not to Eat
In addition to the aforementioned lucky foods， there are also a few to avoid． Lobster¹²， for instance， is a bad idea because they move backwards¹³ and could therefore lead to setbacks．Another theory warns against eating any winged fowl¹⁴ because good luck could fly away。
除了这些幸运食物之外，相对的，也有一些最好在新年避开的食物。比如龙虾，因为它总是倒着爬，在新年吃它象征倒退，这样可不好。还有传统警告我们要避开所有带翅膀的家禽，因为它们暗示着幸运会飞走。

1 con   

n.反对的观点，反对者，反对票，肺病；vt.精读，学习，默记；adv.反对地，从反面；adj.欺诈的

参考例句：

• We must be fair and consider the reason pro and con.我们必须公平考虑赞成和反对的理由。
• The motion is adopted non con.因无人投反对票，协议被通过。

2 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

3 stewed   

adj.焦虑不安的，烂醉的v.炖( stew的过去式和过去分词 )；煨；思考；担忧

参考例句：

• When all birds are shot, the bow will be set aside;when all hares are killed, the hounds will be stewed and eaten -- kick out sb. after his services are no longer needed. 鸟尽弓藏，兔死狗烹。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• \"How can we cook in a pan that's stewed your stinking stockings? “染臭袜子的锅，还能煮鸡子吃！还要它？” 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

4 swell   

vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强

参考例句：

• The waves had taken on a deep swell.海浪汹涌。
• His injured wrist began to swell.他那受伤的手腕开始肿了。

5 symbolize   

vt.作为...的象征，用符号代表

参考例句：

• Easter eggs symbolize the renewal of life.复活蛋象征新生。
• Dolphins symbolize the breath of life.海豚象征着生命的气息。

6 cod   

n.鳕鱼；v.愚弄；哄骗

参考例句：

• They salt down cod for winter use.他们腌鳕鱼留着冬天吃。
• Cod are found in the North Atlantic and the North Sea.北大西洋和北海有鳕鱼。

7 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

8 dough   

n.生面团；钱，现款

参考例句：

• She formed the dough into squares.她把生面团捏成四方块。
• The baker is kneading dough.那位面包师在揉面。

9 pastries   

n.面粉制的糕点

参考例句：

• He gave a dry laugh, then sat down and started on the pastries. 杜新箨说着干笑一声，坐下去就吃点心。 来自子夜部分
• Mike: So many! I like Xijiang raisins, beef jerky, and local pastries. 麦克：太多了。我最喜欢吃新疆葡萄干、牛肉干和风味点心。

10 raisins   

n.葡萄干( raisin的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These raisins come from Xinjiang,they taste delicious. 这些葡萄干产自新疆，味道很甜。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mother put some raisins in the cake. 母亲在糕饼中放了一些葡萄干。 来自辞典例句

11 recipient   

a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器

参考例句：

• Please check that you have a valid email certificate for each recipient. 请检查是否对每个接收者都有有效的电子邮件证书。
• Colombia is the biggest U . S aid recipient in Latin America. 哥伦比亚是美国在拉丁美洲最大的援助对象。

12 lobster   

n.龙虾，龙虾肉

参考例句：

• The lobster is a shellfish.龙虾是水生贝壳动物。
• I like lobster but it does not like me.我喜欢吃龙虾，但它不适宜于我的健康。

13 backwards   

adv.往回地，向原处，倒，相反，前后倒置地

参考例句：

• He turned on the light and began to pace backwards and forwards.他打开电灯并开始走来走去。
• All the girls fell over backwards to get the party ready.姑娘们迫不及待地为聚会做准备。

14 fowl   

n.家禽，鸡，禽肉

参考例句：

• Fowl is not part of a traditional brunch.禽肉不是传统的早午餐的一部分。
• Since my heart attack,I've eaten more fish and fowl and less red meat.自从我患了心脏病后，我就多吃鱼肉和禽肉，少吃红色肉类。