英语阅读理解解析

 　　一、推断题

　　1.解推断题应注意：

　　(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；

　　(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。

　　2.推断题的常见形式：

　　(1) It can be inferred¹ from the text that ______.

　　(2) From the text we know that ______.

　　(3) The story implies² that ______.

　　(4) The paragraph³ following the passage will most probably be ______.

　　(5) The writers attitude toward…is ______.

　　3.解推断题的方法：

　　解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。

　　Example 1 One day a man walkedsintosa pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches and two spiders.”

　　“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.

　　“Well，”replied the man，“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord⁴ insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”

　　Q： The passage suggests that when the writer movedsintosthe house， it was ______.

　　A. very clean

　　B. just cleaned by the landlord

　　C. tidy and comfortable

　　D. dirty and full of insects

　　解析：要恢复原样须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫，因此推出答案为D。

　　Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.

　　Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows al-most everything. He doesn’t ask questions；he answers q uestions. He never says，“I don’t know.”

　　Q： Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude towards Mr Neff?A. He finds Mr Neff hard to understand

　　B. He thinks Mr Neff wonderful

　　C. He feels pity for Mr Neff

　　D. He does not like Mr Neff

　　解析：本文中使用never，还写到Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.故暗示他对Mr Neff的讨厌之情。答案为D。

　　二、事实题

　　在阅读理解题中，又有相当一部分属于事实或细节题，下面仅就这类题的正确解法作简要说明。

　　1.直接事实题

　　在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。

　　A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. T his dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.

　　This huge dam is in the Black Canyon⁵. It is possible to drive a car from one sid e of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete⁶ in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this d am for five years.

　　This huge dam was called Boulder⁷ Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor⁸ of a president of the United⁹ States. Hoover Dam， one of the highest dams in the world， is situated¹⁰ between the states of Arizona and Nevada.

　　Q： Hoover Dam lies ______.

　　A. between Arizona and Nevada

　　B. in the Black Canyon

　　C. between New York and San Francisco

　　D. both A and B

　　解析：由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案。

　　2.间接事实题

　　解此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。

　　Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian， host of the wellreceived TV programme“Stars Tonig ht”， Miss Luo Lin， Miss Asia of 1991， appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday.

　　Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an airhostess. Before she took part in the competition， she had been an airhostess in Cat hay¹¹ Airline for seven years. However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage， dancing， singing， making-up and other proper manners¹²， designed by the Asia TV Station.

　　“It’s really a hard job for me. I won’t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow， I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare¹³ since I won the title. This time， in Shanghai， I'd love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，" said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.

　　Q： Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.

　　B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.

　　C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.

　　D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.

　　解析： A、C和D都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判断不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此选B。

　　3.词义理解题

　　做此类题时，学生应尽可能地利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。

　　Another source¹⁴ of knowledge is the vast¹⁵ store of traditional practices handed do wn from father to son， or mother to daughter， of old country customs¹⁶， of folklor e. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine， for much knowled ge and personal experience is needed here to separate¹⁷ good plants from wild gras s. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real val ue science has found in this wide， confused¹⁸ wilderness¹⁹ and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long age.

　　Q： In the last paragraph the phrase“this wide， confused wilderness”refers to ______.

　　A. personal experience

　　B. wild weeds among good plants

　　C. the information from the parents

　　D. the vast store of traditional practices

　　解析： D。划线部分指的就是上文的another source of knowledge，即： the vast store of traditional practices。

1 inferred   

v.推断( infer的过去式和过去分词 )；间接地提出；暗示；意指

参考例句：

• Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context. 大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。
• I inferred this fact from the evidence I have gathered. 我根据收集到的证据推论出这件事实。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 implies   

暗示，暗指( imply的第三人称单数 )； 必然包含； 说明，表明

参考例句：

• They believe that submission in no way implies inferiority. 他们认为服从决不意味着低人一等。
• Your silence implies tacit consent to these proposals. 你的沉默意味着你默许这些提议。

3 paragraph   

n.段落，短评；vt.将…分段，分段落；vi.写短评

参考例句：

• Each paragraph begins on a new line.每段都另起一行。
• There's a paragraph on the matter in the paper.报纸对这件事有一短篇报道。

4 landlord   

n.地主，房东，(旅店)店主

参考例句：

• He is the landlord of this pub.他是这家酒店的店主。
• He used to be a long - term labourer for a landlord.他早先给地主扛过长活。

5 canyon   

n.峡谷，溪谷

参考例句：

• The Grand Canyon in the USA is 1900 metres deep.美国的大峡谷1900米深。
• The canyon is famous for producing echoes.这个峡谷以回声而闻名。

6 concrete   

adj.具体的，有形的；n.混凝土 ；v.用混凝土修筑，浇混凝土，凝结

参考例句：

• Could you give us a concrete case?你能不能给我们举个具体事例？
• We should make a concrete analysis of each specific question.对于每个具体问题要进行具体分析。

7 boulder   

n.巨砾；卵石，圆石

参考例句：

• We all heaved together and removed the boulder.大家一齐用劲，把大石头搬开了。
• He stepped clear of the boulder.他从大石头后面走了出来。

8 honor   

n.光荣；敬意；荣幸；vt.给…以荣誉；尊敬

参考例句：

• I take your visit as a great honor.您的来访是我莫大的光荣。
• It is a great honor to receive that prize.能拿到那个奖是无上的光荣。

9 united   

adj.和谐的；团结的；联合的，统一的

参考例句：

• The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
• The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。

10 situated   

adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的

参考例句：

• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。
• She is awkwardly situated.她的处境困难。

11 hay   

n.(用作饲料或覆盖的)干草

参考例句：

• Cows feed on hay.奶牛以干草为生。
• They usually keep the hay in the barn.他们通常将干草存放在谷仓中。

12 manners   

n.礼貌；规矩

参考例句：

• You should mend your manners.你的态度应当纠正。
• His manners are rough,but he is a kind man at heart.他虽然举止粗鲁，但心地善良。

13 welfare   

n.幸福，福利，安康

参考例句：

• They are concerned about my welfare.他们关心我的健康。
• Patrick works for social welfare.帕特里克为社会福利工作。

14 source   

n.来源，水源；原始资料

参考例句：

• They mentioned you as a good source of information.他们说你消息灵通。
• All works of art have life as their source.一切文艺创作都来源于生活。

15 vast   

adj.巨大的，庞大的；大量的，巨额的

参考例句：

• Tom has made a vast improvement in his German.汤姆的德语有了很大的进步。
• China has a vast territory and a large population.中国地域辽阔，人口众多。

16 customs   

n.海关，关税

参考例句：

• The customs officials turned the man over to the French police.海关官员把那个人移交给了法国警察。
• They are collecting customs.他们正在收缴关税。

17 separate   

n.分开，抽印本；adj.分开的，各自的，单独的；v.分开，隔开，分居

参考例句：

• Are they joined together or separate?它们是合在一起还是分开的？
• Separate the white clothes from the dark clothes before laundering.洗衣前应当把浅色衣服和深色衣服分开。

18 confused   

adj.困惑的，烦恼的

参考例句：

• They asked so many questions that they confused me.他们问了许多问题，都把我弄糊涂了。
• A wise man is never confused.智者不惑。

19 wilderness   

n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠

参考例句：

• She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。