打哈欠会传染 女性间尤如此

 　　It's a well-known fact that yawning is contagious¹ and can spread around a room in a matter of seconds, but it turns out the phenomenon is more common among women.

　　众所周知，打哈欠是会传染的，一个房间里的人陆续打哈欠，也就是几秒的事儿。更有结果证明，这种传染在女性之间更为普遍。

　　During tests, researchers found that while men and women yawn spontaneously at equal rates, women are more likely to yawn in 'reply' to another person's yawn.

　　在测试过程中，研究人员发现，相同频率下，男人和女人自发地打哈欠时，女性更可能会受他人影响打哈欠。

　　Yawning in response to someone else is a recognised sign of empathy, which suggests that women are more empathetic and attuned² to others than men.

　　回应别人的哈欠是个公认的移情标志。因此上面的结果表明，与男人相比，女性更加善解人意。

　　The research was carried out at Pisa University in Italy.

　　这项研究是在意大利的比萨大学进行的。

　　打哈欠会传染 女性间尤如此

　　Empathy is the ability to understand and share the internal emotional states of others, and previous research has already shown that women are better at it than men.

　　移情是理解和分享他人内心情绪状态的能力，以前的研究已经表明，女性的移情能力要比男性更强。

　　For example, research has revealed women more often mimic³ the facial expressions of others, showing they are picking up on the other person's state of mind.

　　例如研究发现，女性更经常模仿别人的面部表情，这表明她们正在揣摩别人的心理状态。

　　A team led by Elisabetta Palagi, set out to examine whether women are more likely to unconsciously mimic another person's yawning.

　　伊丽莎白·帕拉吉带领的团队，对女性是否“更可能无意识地模仿另一个人打哈欠”进行了研究。

　　To test their theory, the experts secretly observed people in hundreds of work and social situations over a period of five years.

　　为了检验他们的理论，专家们在五年时间里，秘密观察了数百名不同工作背景和社会环境的人。

　　They particularly noted⁴ if subjects 'returned' another person's yawn within three minutes.

　　他们特别注意受试者是否会在三分钟内对他人的哈欠做出回应，

　　The authors, writing in the journal Royal Society Open Science, defined yawning scientifically as 'an involuntary sequence of mouth opening, deep inspiration, brief apnoea [stopping breathing] and slow expiration⁵'.

　　研究结果发布在《皇家社会开放科学》杂志上。作者把哈欠科学地定义为“先张口，深吸气，简短的无呼吸状态[呼吸暂停]，然后慢慢的呼气”这样一个不由自主的过程。

　　While they said men and women yawned spontaneously at equal rates, they discovered that once someone had yawned, female participants were more likely to yawn as well.

　　虽然研究人员称男人和女人打哈欠的自发率相同，但他们也发现，一旦有人打了个哈欠，女性更容易跟着打哈欠。

　　Explaining why they think women are more likely to unconsciously mimic somebody else's sleepiness, the researchers said that having a close emotional bond with the 'trigger' yawner – if they are friends or relations - makes a person more likely to pick up on their mood than that of a stranger.

　　在解释为什么认为女性更可能会无意识地模仿别人的哈欠时，研究人员表示，如果你与最先打哈欠的人有亲密的情感关系——比如打哈欠的人是你的朋友或亲戚，你就会比一个陌生人更容易理解他们的心情。

　　The rates of contagion⁶ were significantly lower between acquaintances than between friends and family members, and significantly higher in women than in men.

　　熟人之间的接触传染率明显低于朋友与家庭成员之间的接触传染率，而女性之间的接触传染率又明显高于男性。

　　The phenomenon has been seen in other social animals, such as chimps⁷, dogs and wolves.

　　在其他群居动物（如黑猩猩、狗和狼）身上，研究人员也看到了这种现象。

1 contagious   

adj.传染性的，有感染力的

参考例句：

• It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
• He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。

2 attuned   

v.使协调( attune的过去式和过去分词 )；调音

参考例句：

• She wasn't yet attuned to her baby's needs. 她还没有熟悉她宝宝的需要。
• Women attuned to sensitive men found Vincent Lord attractive. 偏爱敏感男子的女人，觉得文森特·洛德具有魅力。 来自辞典例句

3 mimic   

v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人

参考例句：

• A parrot can mimic a person's voice.鹦鹉能学人的声音。
• He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another.他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 expiration   

n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物

参考例句：

• Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
• This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满，即行终止。

6 contagion   

n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延

参考例句：

• A contagion of fear swept through the crowd.一种恐惧感在人群中迅速蔓延开。
• The product contagion effect has numerous implications for marketing managers and retailers.产品传染效应对市场营销管理者和零售商都有很多的启示。

7 chimps   

（非洲）黑猩猩( chimp的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Chimps are too scarce, and too nearly human, to be routinely slaughtered for spare parts. 黑猩猩又太少，也太接近于人类，不可以作为人器官备用件说杀就杀。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命
• And as nonprimates, they provoke fewer ethical and safety-related concerns than chimps or baboons. 而且作为非灵长类，就不会产生像用黑猩猩或狒狒那样的伦理和安全方面的顾虑。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命