与普京打交道的四点建议

 　　Vladimir Putin’s regime describes itself by its grudges¹.

　　弗拉基米尔.普京(Vladimir Putin)政权在描述自我时带着满腔怨恨。

　　The Russian president harbours a lengthy² list of grievances³ and imagined slights, reaching from the collapse⁴ of the Soviet⁵ Union to the expansion of the EU and Nato, to US military interventions⁷ in the Middle East.

　　这位俄罗斯总统怀揣着一份冗长的清单，记录着他的不满和想象中受到的怠慢——从苏联(Soviet Union)解体到欧盟(EU)和北约(Nato)的扩张、再到美国对中东的军事干预。

　　The most personally wounding, though, comprised a few words uttered a couple of years ago by US President Barack Obama.

　　不过，最带有个人色彩的伤害是几年前美国总统巴拉克.奥巴马(Barack Obama)说过的一些话。

　　与普京打交道的四点建议

　　Mr Putin craves⁸ respect.

　　普京渴望得到尊重。

　　Russia, Mr Obama said, was no more than a regional power whose revanchist military intervention⁶ in Ukraine was evidence of weakness rather than a demonstration⁹ of prowess.

　　奥巴马说，俄罗斯不过是一个地区强国，它在乌克兰复仇式的军事干预是软弱、而非强大的表现。

　　Russian actions were a problem, but not the biggest threat to America’s national security.

　　俄罗斯的举动带来麻烦，但并不是美国国家安全面临的最大威胁。

　　You could hear the screams of anguish¹⁰ in the Kremlin.

　　你能听到克里姆林宫撕心裂肺的怒吼。

　　The assessment¹¹ was at once right and wrong.

　　该评价既对也不对。

　　By almost every metric — economic, demographic, social or technological¹² — Russia faces inexorable decline.

　　几乎在所有方面——经济、人口、社会或科技——俄罗斯都面临着无可挽回的衰落。

　　The US president, though, underestimated Moscow’s willingness to use its still formidable military.

　　不过，奥巴马低估了俄罗斯使用其仍然令人生畏的军事力量的意愿。

　　Mr Putin is a leader ready to take risks at a time when the west prizes caution above all else.

　　当西方对谨慎的重视高于其他一切时，普京是那种随时准备冒险的领导人。

　　Mr Obama missed, too, the link between adventurism and hurt national pride.

　　奥巴马还忽视了冒险主义和受伤害的民族自豪感之间的关联。

　　If Mr Putin wants anything on the global stage, it is to be treated as the leader of a power that can sit down as an equal with the US and China.

　　如果说普京想要在国际舞台上获得某种东西的话，那便是被当作能与美国和中国平起平坐的强国的领导人对待。

　　Barring a political earthquake and a victory for Republican candidate Donald Trump¹³, November’s US election will not change the essential parameters¹⁴ of the relationship between Russia and the west.

　　除非发生一场政治地震、共和党总统候选人唐纳德.特朗普(Donald Trump)获胜，11月的美国大选不会改变俄罗斯和西方关系的基本参数。

　　The reset¹⁵ offered by Mr Obama at the beginning of his presidency¹⁶ has been lost to the annexation¹⁷ of Crimea, the occupation of eastern Ukraine and the raining down of Russian bombs on the Syrian city of Aleppo.

　　奥巴马在上任初期提出的重启美俄关系的策略，败给了俄罗斯的一系列举动——吞并克里米亚、侵占乌克兰东部地区以及对叙利亚阿勒颇市(Aleppo)狂轰滥炸。

　　True, the Russian president still has admirers in the west.

　　不错，西方仍然有普京的崇拜者。

　　They extend beyond Mr Trump.

　　不光是特朗普。

　　Jeremy Corbyn, the leader of Britain’s Labour party, has spent a political lifetime marching against wars fought by the west.

　　英国工党领袖杰里米.科尔宾(Jeremy Corbyn)在整个政治生涯里都在反对西方进行的战争。

　　He cannot bring himself to condemn¹⁸ the Russian slaughter¹⁹ of civilians²⁰ in Aleppo.

　　他做不到指责俄罗斯对阿勒颇平民的屠杀。

　　He is in the company of Marine²¹ Le Pen, the leader of France’s National Front, and pro-Moscow fascist²² parties in Hungary and Greece.

　　和他一样的还有法国国民阵线(National Front)领导人马琳.勒庞(Marine Le Pen)，以及匈牙利和希腊亲俄罗斯的法西斯主义政党。

　　Far left thus meets far right.

　　极左翼和极右翼在这点上不谋而合。

　　It is evident to just about everyone else, however, that the interventions in Ukraine and Syria are expressions of a broader Kremlin strategy.

　　然而，几乎其他所有人都清楚，俄罗斯在乌克兰和叙利亚的军事干预是克里姆林宫一项更广泛战略的表现。

　　Regime survival and hostility²³ towards the west are two sides of the same coin.

　　维系政权和敌视西方是同一枚硬币的两面。

　　Support for populist parties of left and right in Europe, the subversion²⁴ of democracy in formerly²⁵ communist states and the cyber attacks on Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign are all of the same piece.

　　支持欧洲或左或右的民粹主义政党、颠覆前共产主义国家的民主制度、以及对希拉里.克林顿(Hillary Clinton)总统竞选团队发动网络攻击，本质都一样。

　　Mr Putin’s target is the liberal international order.

　　普京的目标是自由国际秩序。

　　He wants a great power carve-up that restores Russian suzerainty over its near-abroad and flatters its relevance²⁶ in global affairs.

　　他希望由大国来瓜分世界，恢复俄罗斯对周边邻国的宗主地位，并凸显俄罗斯在国际事务中的重要性。

　　There is no off-the-peg response available to the west.

　　对于西方来说，目前没有现成的应对办法。

　　Useful lessons can be drawn²⁷ from the cold war — particularly about the importance of things such as predictable and calibrated²⁸ responses —

　　西方国家可以从冷战中吸取有益教训——特别是有关可预测的标准化回应策略的重要性。

　　and diplomats²⁹ and strategists need to relearn some of the old rules for managing great power relations.

　　同时，外交官和策略家需要重新学习一些有关管理大国关系的老规矩。

　　But, pace Mr Putin, Russia is not the Soviet Union.

　　但是，尊敬的普京先生，俄罗斯不是苏联。

　　What the US and its allies can usefully do is establish principles to frame a reset grounded in realism.

　　美国及其盟友可以采取的有效办法是，确立一些原则，拟定一项务实的重启战略。

　　They should start with resolve, consistency³⁰, engagement and respect.

　　首先要从四点做起：决心、一致性、接触和尊重。

　　Resolve is the most important.

　　决心是最重要的一点。

　　Mr Putin is an opportunist rather than a grand strategist, a leader looking to probe and test the weaknesses of adversaries³¹.

　　普京是机会主义者，而不是大战略家，他伺机试探着敌人的弱点。

　　The west’s mistake has been to worry that deterrence³² could be seen as provocation³³.

　　西方的失误是担心威慑会被视为挑衅。

　　By failing to show resolve, it has heightened rather than defused tensions.

　　由于没能表现出决心，它激化、而非缓和了紧张关系。

　　The forward deployment³⁴ of Nato forces in eastern Europe has gone some way to provide public reassurance³⁵.

　　北约部队在东欧的前沿部署，在某种程度上使公众安心。

　　But Washington should be sending unequivocal messages about lines — in Syria and Europe — that cannot be crossed without consequences.

　　但是华盛顿方面应该发出明确的信息，明确其在叙利亚和欧洲的底线——俄罗斯一旦跨过这条线就要承担后果。

　　The second ingredient is consistency.

　　第二点是一致性。

　　Mr Putin is adept³⁶ at exploiting division and hesitation³⁷.

　　普京擅长利用分歧和犹豫。

　　European states, in particular, need to show that they can put differences to one side in treating with Moscow.

　　欧洲各国尤其需要表现出他们在对待莫斯科方面可以放下分歧。

　　Instead of rolling over economic sanctions every few months — each occasion providing an opportunity for Russia to sow dissent³⁸ — the EU should change the dynamic by declaring them open-ended.

　　与目前每隔几个月便重启一轮经济制裁——每一次都给俄罗斯提供挑拨离间的机会——的做法相反，欧盟应该宣布无限期制裁来改变这一现状。

　　They will be lifted only when the Kremlin changes its behaviour.

　　只有当克里姆林宫改变做法时，制裁才能解除。

　　Consistency also demands a series of graduated responses to hostile acts.

　　一致性也要求西方在面对敌对行动时采取一系列递进的应对办法。

　　Moscow should know that cyber attacks and subversion will elicit³⁹ a response, whether travel restrictions⁴⁰ on those closely associated with the regime or tighter economic sanctions.

　　莫斯科方面应该明白，网络攻击和颠覆行为将招致西方回应，无论是针对那些与政府有密切关系的人士的旅行限制还是不断加强的经济制裁。

　　Engagement is a word often used by those whose real agenda is submission⁴¹.

　　那些真心想屈服的人士，经常把接触这个词挂在嘴上。

　　Mr Corbyn comes to mind.

　　这让人一下子就想到了科尔宾。

　　But tough-minded management of the relationship should not preclude⁴² recognition of mutual⁴³ interests.

　　但是，以坚定的态度管理双方关系，不应妨碍对共同利益的承认。

　　Where the two sides can co-operate usefully — say, in countering terrorism or nuclear proliferation — the west should take the initiative in promoting joint⁴⁴ action.

　　在双方可以有效合作的领域——比方说在打击恐怖主义或阻止核扩散方面——西方在推进共同行动方面应该抓住主动权。

　　Finally, there is that word respect.

　　最后，还要尊重对方。

　　To say that Russia is weak in most of the dimensions of power is to state the obvious.

　　没错，在判断实力的大多数标准上，俄罗斯都很薄弱。

　　That does not mean it is wise for a US president publicly to confront a thin-skinned Russian president with the uncomfortable reality.

　　这并不意味着美国总统以令人不悦的事实公开叫板脸皮薄的俄罗斯总统是明智的行为。

　　Dissembling has a place in diplomacy⁴⁵.

　　看破而不说破是可取的外交策略。

　　The sadness is that, if Mr Putin continues to pretend Russia is a great power, it will eventually cease to be a great nation.

　　可悲的是，如果普京继续假装俄罗斯是世界强国，那么它是怎么也不会成为强国的。

1 grudges   

不满，怨恨，妒忌( grudge的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He never grudges money. 他从不吝惜金钱。
• They bear grudges against each other. 他俩有过节儿。

2 lengthy   

adj.漫长的，冗长的

参考例句：

• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
• The professor wrote a lengthy book on Napoleon.教授写了一部有关拿破仑的巨著。

3 grievances   

n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚

参考例句：

• The trade union leader spoke about the grievances of the workers. 工会领袖述说工人们的苦情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• He gave air to his grievances. 他申诉了他的冤情。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

5 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

6 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

7 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

8 craves   

渴望，热望( crave的第三人称单数 )； 恳求，请求

参考例句：

• The tree craves calm but the wind will not drop. 树欲静而风不止。
• Victory would give him a passport to the riches he craves. 胜利将使他有机会获得自己梦寐以求的财富。

9 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

10 anguish   

n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦，烦恼

参考例句：

• She cried out for anguish at parting.分手时，她由于痛苦而失声大哭。
• The unspeakable anguish wrung his heart.难言的痛苦折磨着他的心。

11 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

12 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

13 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

14 parameters   

因素，特征； 界限； （限定性的）因素( parameter的名词复数 )； 参量； 参项； 决定因素

参考例句：

• We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
• See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。

15 reset   

v.重新安排，复位；n.重新放置；重放之物

参考例句：

• As soon as you arrive at your destination,step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
• He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。

16 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

17 annexation   

n.吞并，合并

参考例句：

• He mentioned the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910 .他提及1910年日本对朝鲜的吞并。
• I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas.我认为合并的问题，完全属于德克萨斯和美国之间的事。

18 condemn   

vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑

参考例句：

• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
• We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。

19 slaughter   

n.屠杀，屠宰；vt.屠杀，宰杀

参考例句：

• I couldn't stand to watch them slaughter the cattle.我不忍看他们宰牛。
• Wholesale slaughter was carried out in the name of progress.大规模的屠杀在维护进步的名义下进行。

20 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

21 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

22 fascist   

adj.法西斯主义的；法西斯党的；n.法西斯主义者，法西斯分子

参考例句：

• The strikers were roughed up by the fascist cops.罢工工人遭到法西斯警察的殴打。
• They succeeded in overthrowing the fascist dictatorship.他们成功推翻了法西斯独裁统治。

23 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

24 subversion   

n.颠覆，破坏

参考例句：

• He was arrested in parliament on charges of subversion for organizing the demonstration.他因组织示威活动在议会上被以颠覆破坏罪名逮捕。
• It had a cultural identity relatively immune to subversion from neighboring countries.它的文化同一性使它相对地不易被邻国所颠覆。

25 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

26 relevance   

n.中肯，适当，关联，相关性

参考例句：

• Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles.政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色不相关。
• Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world.她的想法与现代社会完全脱节。

27 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

28 calibrated   

v.校准( calibrate的过去式和过去分词 )；使标准化；使合标准；测量（枪的）口径

参考例句：

• Power pesticide dusters can be calibrated and used to apply pertilizer. 动力杀虫剂可以调整用来施肥。 来自辞典例句
• The flexible diaphragm is connected to a plat cantilever-calibrated spring. 柔韧的膜片一扁平的悬臂校正弹簧相连。 来自辞典例句

29 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

30 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

31 adversaries   

n.对手，敌手( adversary的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• That would cause potential adversaries to recoil from a challenge. 这会迫使潜在的敌人在挑战面前退缩。 来自辞典例句
• Every adversaries are more comfortable with a predictable, coherent America. 就连敌人也会因有可以预料的，始终一致的美国而感到舒服得多。 来自辞典例句

32 deterrence   

威慑，制止； 制止物，制止因素； 挽留的事物； 核威慑

参考例句：

• An extreme school of "disarmers" pronounced stable deterrence was a dangerous deception. “裁军论者”中的极端派声称，稳定的威摄是一种危险的骗局。
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。

33 provocation   

n.激怒，刺激，挑拨，挑衅的事物，激怒的原因

参考例句：

• He's got a fiery temper and flares up at the slightest provocation.他是火爆性子，一点就着。
• They did not react to this provocation.他们对这一挑衅未作反应。

34 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

35 reassurance   

n.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• He drew reassurance from the enthusiastic applause.热烈的掌声使他获得了信心。
• Reassurance is especially critical when it comes to military activities.消除疑虑在军事活动方面尤为关键。

36 adept   

adj.老练的，精通的

参考例句：

• When it comes to photography,I'm not an adept.要说照相，我不是内行。
• He was highly adept at avoiding trouble.他十分善于避开麻烦。

37 hesitation   

n.犹豫，踌躇

参考例句：

• After a long hesitation, he told the truth at last.踌躇了半天，他终于直说了。
• There was a certain hesitation in her manner.她的态度有些犹豫不决。

38 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

39 elicit   

v.引出,抽出,引起

参考例句：

• It was designed to elicit the best thinking within the government. 机构的设置是为了在政府内部集思广益。
• Don't try to elicit business secrets from me. I won't tell you anything. 你休想从我这里套问出我们的商业机密, 我什么都不会告诉你的。

40 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

41 submission   

n.服从，投降；温顺，谦虚；提出

参考例句：

• The defeated general showed his submission by giving up his sword.战败将军缴剑表示投降。
• No enemy can frighten us into submission.任何敌人的恐吓都不能使我们屈服。

42 preclude   

vt.阻止，排除，防止；妨碍

参考例句：

• We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努力排除任何误解的可能性。
• My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我目前的财务状况我是不可能买车的。

43 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

44 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

45 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。