托福写作之巧用修辞

 　　1. 排比对称结构

　　Despite all the evidence, experts continue to debate weather global warming exists, how extensive the problem is, what the likely effects will be and whether any remedy is possible.

　　Despite all the evidence, experts continue to debate the existence of global warming, the extent of the problem, its likely effects and any possible remedy.

　　2. 比喻

　　(1)明喻：比喻词出现：as, like, as if…

　　In many ways, no doubt, our world grows more and more complex, sputniks cannot be simple; yet how many of our complexities¹ remain futile², how many of our artificialities false. Simplicity³ too can be subtle-as the straight lines of a Greek temple, like the Parthenon at Athens, are delicately curved in order to look straighter still.

　　(2)暗喻：比喻词不出现。

　　America has given the Negro people a bad check, which has come back marked insufficient⁴ funds.

　　3. 对照：加深印象

　　Extremism in defense⁵ of liberty is no vice⁶; moderation is the pursuit of justice is no virtue⁷.

　　4. 类比

　　The Negro has a callus growing on his soul and it is getting harder and harder to hurt him here. That is a simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that is too tight. The foot is nature’s and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later, if you do not take the shoe off, a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe.

　　It is the same with the Negro in America. That shoe-the white man’s system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him. But it did not. And how a callus has formed on his soul, and unless that system is adjusted to fit him, too, that callus is going to wear our that system.

　　5. 拟人

　　Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the starts.

　　6. 夸张

　　For she was beautiful—her beauty made the bright world dim, and everything beside seemed like the fleeting⁸ image of a shade.

1 complexities   

复杂性(complexity的名词复数)； 复杂的事物

参考例句：

• The complexities of life bothered him. 生活的复杂使他困惑。
• The complexities of life bothered me. 生活的杂乱事儿使我心烦。

2 futile   

adj.无效的，无用的，无希望的

参考例句：

• They were killed,to the last man,in a futile attack.因为进攻失败，他们全部被杀，无一幸免。
• Their efforts to revive him were futile.他们对他抢救无效。

3 simplicity   

n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯

参考例句：

• She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。
• The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。

4 insufficient   

adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的

参考例句：

• There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
• In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。

5 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

6 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

7 virtue   

n.德行，美德；贞操；优点；功效，效力

参考例句：

• He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
• You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。

8 fleeting   

adj.短暂的，飞逝的

参考例句：

• The girls caught only a fleeting glimpse of the driver.女孩们只匆匆瞥了一眼司机。
• Knowing the life fleeting,she set herself to enjoy if as best as she could.她知道这种日子转瞬即逝，于是让自已尽情地享受。