考托福必会的16种时态

　　1.一般现在时

　　表示真理性，经常性，习惯性，普遍性。[在口语里常用，在叙事性文章和故事里很少用]

　　例句：The earth is smaller than the sun. [状态][真理性]

　　Tom gets up early every morning. [动作][经常性和习惯性]

　　Everybody knows him. [普遍性]

　　2.一般过去时

　　表示过去某一时间里发生的动作或状态。 [叙事性的文章和故事里最常用的时态]

　　例句：Yesterday we went to the park.[动作]

　　The book was there ten minutes ago. [状态]

　　3.一般将来时

　　表示将来某一时间里发生的动作或状态。

　　例句：Tom will help you tomorrow. [动作]

　　We shall¹ be here in time next time. [状态]

　　4.过去将来时

　　例句：Ten years ago, Mary said she would finish the work in a few days. [动作]

　　Yesterday he thought you would be a good player after five years. [状态]

　　5.现在完成时

　　表示在现在之前就已经完成的动作或状态[要特别注意不包括现在]

　　例句：We have done our homework. [动作]

　　He has been a doctor now. .[状态]

　　6.过去完成时

　　表示在过去某时之前就已经完成的动作或状态。

　　例句：Three days ago he had already finished his homework. [动作]

　　When he was a boy, he had already been a head of the boys. [状态]

　　7.将来完成时

　　表示在将来某时之前将完成的动作或状态。

　　例句：Tomorrow morning, I will have cleaned the windows. [动作]

　　Next Sunday, he will have been a new doctor. [状态]

　　8.过去将来完成时

　　表示在过去某一时间之前本该完成的动作或状态。[一般用于虚拟语态]

　　例句：If he had worked hard enough, he would have built a new house. [动作] [实际情况是因为他不够努力，所以新房子连影子都没有]

　　If he were alive, he would have been a doctor now. .[状态][实际情况是他已经去世，所以永远成不了医生]

　　9.现在进行时

　　在现在之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]

　　例句：Tom is reading² a book.

　　10.过去进行时

　　在过去某时之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]

　　例句：The dog was eating a bone.

　　11.将来进行时

　　在将来某时之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]

　　例句：At ten tomorrow morning, I will be writing the letter for you.

　　12.过去将来进行时

　　从过去某时来看将再以后某时之前开始，以后还要延续一段时间的动作。[要注意只有延续性动词可以用进行时]

　　例句：Jack³ told me that he would be working hard the next year.

　　13.现在完成进行时

　　在现在之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。[较少用]

　　例句：Tom has been reading this book for over ten hours.

　　14.过去完成进行时

　　在过去某时之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。[很少用]

　　例句：The workers had been building the railway then.

　　15.将来完成进行时

　　在将来某时之前就已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。[很少用]

　　例句：They will have been making their efforts⁴ after that time.

　　16.过去将来完成进行时

　　在过去某时之前看来将来某时应该已经完成并且还要延续下去的动作。[很少用]

　　例句：We thought they would have been doing physical⁵ training till then.

1 shall   

v.aux.（主要用于第一人称）将

参考例句：

• I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
• Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团？

2 reading   

n.阅读，知识，读物，表演，对法律条文的解释；adj.阅读的

参考例句：

• Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
• He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。

3 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

4 efforts   

n.努力( effort的名词复数 )；气力；努力的结果；努力（或艰难尝试）的成果

参考例句：

• The company was very appreciative of my efforts. 公司对我的努力十分赞赏。
• His efforts to stem the tide of violent crime have been as effective as Canute's. 他遏制暴力犯罪增长的努力一直是螳臂当车。

5 physical   

adj.物理的，物质的，体力的，身体的，自然的

参考例句：

• Good physical conditions can never be bought with money.健康决非金钱所能买到。
• This change of the state is a physical change.这种状态的变化是物理变化。