托福语法：时间从句中一般过去时与过去完成时（2）

 　　C 在after之后一般用过去完成时态：

　　After the will had been read there were angry exclamations¹．

　　遗嘱宣读完之后，激起了一片愤怒的?时刻回顾更为过去的动作时，要用过去完成时。如果有两个这样的动作：He had beento school but he had learnt nothing there，so was now illiterate（他上过学但什么也没学到，因此现在还是个文盲），而又想用时间连词把它们连接起来，就可以用when等连词连接两个过去完成时：

　　When he had been at school he had learnt nothing，so he was now illiter－ate．

　　他上学的时候什么也没学到，所以现在还是个文盲。

　　但更常见的情况是，这里时间从句中的动词用一般过去时：

　　When he was at school he had learnt nothing，

　　（译文同上。）

　　类似的例句还有：

　　He had stayed in his father’s firm till his father died．Then he had startedhis own business and was now a very successful man．

　　他在父亲的公司里一直呆到父亲去世。之后他便自己开业，其时已成为一个事业有成的商人。

　　D 表示认识、理解等的动词一般在时间从句中不用过去完成时，除非有时间修饰：

　　When she had known me for a year she invited me to tea．

　　她认识了我一年之后，邀请我吃茶点。

　　When I knew the work of one department thoroughly² I was moved to thenext department．

　　在我完全熟悉了一个部门的工作之后，又被调到另一部门。相当于：

　　As soon as I knew…

　　试与下句比较：

　　When I had learnt the work of one department I was moved．

　　我学会一个部门的工作之后，就被调走了。

1 exclamations   

n.呼喊( exclamation的名词复数 )；感叹；感叹语；感叹词

参考例句：

• The visitors broke into exclamations of wonder when they saw the magnificent Great Wall. 看到雄伟的长城，游客们惊叹不已。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• After the will has been read out, angry exclamations aroused. 遗嘱宣读完之后，激起一片愤怒的喊声。 来自辞典例句

2 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。