Teaching and Learning 主谓一致

二、主谓一致

1. 历届高考例题

1）On the wall ______ two large portraits¹.

A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging

2）Few airports in the world is as modern as that of Atlanta.
    A                          B                C     D

3）Not every student in all the classes know the importance of
                                A          B
mastering the English language.
    C      D

4）The reason why they can produce more tennis balls are that
               A                                       B     C
they have gained more experience.
                          D

5）“News of victories² ____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.

A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept

6）There ________ a lot of milk in the bottle.

A. are B. is C. were D. has

7）Although many of the houses in the small town are still in need
                                                     A
of repair there have been much improvement³ in their appearance⁴.
    B                 C                           D

8）Zhang's family _____ rather big, with twelve people in all.

A. is B. are C. being D. was

2. 分析

1）可数名词作句子主语时，其谓语动词要视主语的单复数而定，例句1的主语与谓语倒装，为复数形式，故正确答案应为B；例句2的主语为few airports, 为复数，所以应选B，改为are；例句3的主语为every student, 为单数，故应选B，改为knows；例句4的主语为The reason, 虽然它有其定语从句修饰，但影响其谓语动词与主语保持数的一致的原则，故选B。改为is。但是当名词词组虽然形式上是复数，但表示一段时间，一段距离，一笔钱等整体概念时，谓语动词用单数，如

    Ten days is not enough for me to finish this job. 十天对我来说，要完成这项工作是不够的。

    Three miles is a long walk. 三英里是一段很长的步行路程。

2）例句5,6,7中的主语分别为news, milk

    improvement,均为不可数名词，故其谓语动词也应该为单数形式正确答案为B、B、C其中例句7的C应该改为has been。

3）例句8中的主语为family，在本句中family 作一整体，即“家庭”谓语动词为单数 is,若family强调家庭成员，其谓语动词则应为复数形式，如：

    Zhang's family are all enjoying TV张家全家正在看电视。

但是people, police, cattle⁵ 等作主语时，其谓语动词总用复数；如：

    The police are looking into the case. 警察正在调查此案。

3. 历届高考例题：

9）Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.

A. know B. knows C. have known⁶ D. is known

10）All but one _____ here just now.

A. is B. was C. has been D. were

11）A library with five thousand books _____ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered

12）Mary said that she as well as some of her friends were going
           A                           B                     C
to move to California⁷.
         D

4. 分析

    以上四句主谓一致的考点为主语后接介词短语与主语后接as well as 引导的词组时的让谓一致关系。

1）当主语后接but, with，together with, along with, except等时，谓语动词仍与主语保持数的一致，不受介词与其后的词组的影响，所以同9,10,11的正确答案分别为B、D、A

2）若主语后接as well as, 或rather than 或more than等引导的词组时，谓语动词也与主语的数保持一致，所以句12应选c，改为was going move.

5. 历届高考例题

13）Not only I but also Jane and Mary ＿＿＿＿＿ tired of having one examination⁸ after another.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

16）Neither my sister nor I are expected to act in the play.
                       A      B     C              D

6. 分析

    以上两句的考点为由not only…but also, neither…nor…连接的并列主语的主谓一致关系。

    并列主语的谓语动词，一般采用“就近原则”谓语动词的数与最近的主语的数保持一致，这样的并列连词还有either…or…,or,及there be 句型均按此原则，故句13,14的正确答案分别为B、B其中14的B应改为am。

7. 历届高考例题：

15）What I shall miss most badly are those happy hours we spent together.
      A                     B       C                          D

分析：复数情况下，主语为从句时，句子的谓语动词为单数形式，故应C，改为is。

1 portraits   

n.肖像，画像( portrait的名词复数 )；生动的描写

参考例句：

• Jenny was taken aback by some of the portraits. 其中一些肖像画使詹妮大吃一惊。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• These portraits are great pieces of paint. 这肖像画都是艺术精品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 victories   

n.胜利，成功，赢( victory的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The team chalked up the ten victories against two defeats. 该队赢10场输2场。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Bush has racked up victories in another five states. 布什在另外五个州又获得了胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 improvement   

n.改进，增进；改进之处，改善的地方

参考例句：

• The doctor noticed a gradual improvement in his patient.医生注意到病人在逐渐恢复健康。
• I can detect signs of improvement in your thinking.我可以察觉出你思考问题方面的进步。

4 appearance   

n.出现，露面；容貌

参考例句：

• In appearance, he was a little like his father.他看起来有点像他的父亲。
• She was a young woman of good appearance.她是一位年轻貌美的女子。

5 cattle   

n.牛，牲口，畜生

参考例句：

• He has twenty head of cattle on the farm.他在农场养了20头牛。
• On big farms cattle are usually stamped with brands.在大农场，牲畜通常是打烙印的。

6 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。

7 California   

n.加利福尼亚(美国)

参考例句：

• He was elected governor of the state of California.他当选为加州州长。
• We were driving on a California freeway.我们正沿着加利福尼亚的一条快车道驾车行驶。

8 examination   

n.考试，考查，试题；检查，调查

参考例句：

• Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
• He put up a good show in the final examination.他在期末考试中表现得不错。