不需要冠词的名词

 一则征聘广告的结尾这样写：

　　“Suitable candidates will be offered a very attractive terms which cannot be refused.”

　　这句话的意思，一目了然，可惜其中有个不该有的语法错误;那就是“a very attractive terms”中的“terms”是个复数名词，不需要有冠词，和不定冠词“a”连用，更是不合语法规则。

　　为了避免同样的错误出现，现在试把不需要冠词的场合列下，以作参考：

　　㈠复数名词，如：

　　1. Doctors cure patients.

　　2. Axes are tools for cutting wood.

　　3. Those people are teachers, not students.

　　㈡物质名词，如：

　　4. Gold is precious.

　　5. Air is indispensable to animals.

　　6. Electricity is a form of energy.

　　㈢抽象名词，如：

　　7. Unity¹ is strength.

　　8. Knowledge is power.

　　9. Samson is a man of bravery.

　　㈣有关餐食的名词，如：

　　10. Dinner is ready.

　　11. After lunch, you may take a nap.

　　12. What do you eat for breakfast?

　　㈤有关四季的名词，如：

　　13. I like autumn most.

　　14. Do you have to teach in summer?

　　15. Winter is over; will spring be far away?

　　㈥有关游戏和运动的名词，如：

　　16. Fandi can play soccer very well.

　　17. Do yo like to play chess?

　　18. Is bridge a popular game here?

　　㈦有关疾病的名词，如：

　　19. Old People tend to suffer from diabetes².

　　20. Many women are inflicted³ with rheumatism⁴.

　　㈧有关学科或带“-ism”后缀的名词，如：

　　21. Mathematics and physics are difficult subjects.

　　22. Which do you prefer, imperialism⁵ or communism?

　　㈨在“by + 交通工具”的片语里，如：

　　23. Shall we walk or go by bus?

　　24. The tourists came by plane.

　　25. Do you like to travel by land or by sea?

　　㈩关于“人、节日、地理、建筑物、语言”等的专有名词，如：

　　26. Tony wants to see Susan.

　　27. Christmas is a widely celebrated⁶ festival.

　　28. Europe is more advanced than Africa.

　　29. Do you know where Buckingham Palace is?

　　30. Is Japanese similiar to Chinese?

　　上述是无须冠词的例句，但当专有名词之前有修饰语时，可以用定冠词(例(31)-(32));当抽象名词被形容词、短语或分句修饰时，也可以有适当的冠词(例(33)-(36))：

　　31. Caesar was an ancient hero. Do you admire the great Caesar and his deeds?

　　32. We enjoy reading the great works written by the immortal⁷ Shakespeare.

　　33. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

　　34. The wisdom of Solomon was recorded in history.

　　35. Tom showed a courage worthy⁸ of special mention.

　　36. I find it hard to forget the generosity⁹ with which David treated me.

1 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

2 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

3 inflicted   

把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team. 他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。
• Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。

4 rheumatism   

n.风湿病

参考例句：

• The damp weather plays the very devil with my rheumatism.潮湿的天气加重了我的风湿病。
• The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。

5 imperialism   

n.帝国主义，帝国主义政策

参考例句：

• They held the imperialism in contempt.他们鄙视帝国主义。
• Imperialism has not been able to subjugate China.帝国主义不能征服中国。

6 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

7 immortal   

adj.不朽的；永生的，不死的；神的

参考例句：

• The wild cocoa tree is effectively immortal.野生可可树实际上是不会死的。
• The heroes of the people are immortal!人民英雄永垂不朽！

8 worthy   

adj.(of)值得的，配得上的；有价值的

参考例句：

• I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
• There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。

9 generosity   

n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为

参考例句：

• We should match their generosity with our own.我们应该像他们一样慷慨大方。
• We adore them for their generosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨。