倒装句讲解

 　　英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so, neither¹, nor³开头的句子是高考例题的热点。

　　（一）倒装句的意义

　　1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。

　　e².g. May I come in?

　　Was⁴ the People's Liberation⁶ Army⁷ founded⁸ in 1927?

　　2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。

　　e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.

　　So early did⁹ he come to school that no other students came¹⁰.

　　（二）倒装的使用情况

　　1、在 “there be” 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。

　　e.g. There is a box on the table.

　　2、在疑问句中。

　　e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?

　　What does your mother do?

　　3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）

　　e.g. There goes the bell.

　　Here is an apple for you.

　　There she comes.

　　4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。

　　e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.

　　My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.

　　5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）

　　e.g. “Very well,” said¹² the French¹³ student.

　　“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.

　　6、在以never, little, hardly¹⁴, not only, few¹⁵, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。

　　e.g. Little did he say at the meeting¹⁶.

　　Never shall¹⁷ I forget the day when I joined the Army.

　　比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.

　　7、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。倒装句讲解

　　e.g. Only when the war¹⁸ was over in 1918 was he able¹¹ to get happily¹⁹ back to wrk.

　　Only in this way can we learn English well.

　　注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。

　　e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.

　　8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）

　　e.g. Away hurried the boy.

　　Out rushed²⁰ the girl.

　　9、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had²¹ 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。

　　e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would²² go and help you.

　　Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad²³.

　　Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

　　10、as⁵引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。

　　e.g. Proud²⁴ as they are, they are afraid to see me.

　　Child as he is, he seems²⁵ to know everything.（child前不加冠词）

　　Hard as he worded, he made²⁶ little progress²⁷.

　　11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

　　e.g. May you succeed²⁸!

　　Long live the People's Republic²⁹ of China!

　　12、So + 形容词、副词及such³⁰ 置于句首时要倒装。

　　So happy did he feel. Such was me.

1 neither   

adj.皆不，两不；int.两者都不；conj.既非，既不

参考例句：

• I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
• He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。

2 e   

n.英语字母表的第5个字母；C大调音阶中的第三音

参考例句：

• The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错，把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3 nor   

conj./adv.也不，也没有

参考例句：

• It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里冬天既不热也不冷。
• She can't get there at four,nor can I.她不能在四点钟到那里，我也不能。

4 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

5 as   

conj.按照；如同

参考例句：

• He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
• In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。

6 liberation   

n.解放，解放运动（为获得平等权利和地位的行为）

参考例句：

• We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。
• Many people died during famines every year before liberation.解放前每年有许多人在饥荒中死亡。

7 army   

n.军队，陆军，正规军，野战军

参考例句：

• The army numbered four to five thousand at the start.这支军队开始才有四五千人。
• What is the total strength of the enemy army?敌军人数总共有多少？

8 founded   

adj.有基础的v.创办，成立(found的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• All our fears proved ill-founded. 我们所有的担心结果都证明是杞人忧天。
• His fear turned out to be well founded. 他的恐惧证明是有道理的。

9 did   

v.动词do的过去式

参考例句：

• How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球？
• Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢？

10 came   

v.动词come的过去式

参考例句：

• I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里，我很惊奇。
• The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。

11 able   

adj.能...的，有才能的，能干的，能够的

参考例句：

• How good and able he is!瞧他多能干啊！
• He is able to do this job well.他有能力做好这件工作。

12 said   

v.动词say的过去式、过去分词

参考例句：

• He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
• He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。

13 French   

adj.法国(人)的，法语的；n.法语；vt.剁肉，蔬菜切成长条

参考例句：

• She reads French quite well,but doesn't speak it.她法语的阅读能力相当强，但不会讲。
• The only French city she enjoyed was Paris.巴黎是她惟一喜欢的法国城市。

14 hardly   

adv.几乎没有，刚刚，几乎不，勉强是

参考例句：

• I could hardly believe my eyes.我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
• The hens hardly laid any eggs in summer.母鸡夏天几乎不下蛋。

15 few   

adj.很少的，不多的，少数的；int.少数的

参考例句：

• There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
• I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。

16 meeting   

n.会议；集会

参考例句：

• Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗？
• We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。

17 shall   

v.aux.（主要用于第一人称）将

参考例句：

• I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
• Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团？

18 war   

n.战争；vi.作战

参考例句：

• We ended the Korean war.我们结束了朝鲜战争。
• The war made many people lose their house and home.战争使许多人无家可归。

19 happily   

adv.幸福地；愉快地

参考例句：

• From then on,the prince and princess lived happily.从那时起，王子与公主就幸福地生活在一起。
• Where we will live happily ever after.我们可以在那里直到永远。

20 rushed   

adj.匆忙的，贸然的v.（使）急速行进，仓促完成( rush的过去式和过去分词 )；突袭；（使）仓促行事；催促

参考例句：

• She rushed downstairs and burst into the kitchen. 她冲下楼闯进厨房。
• This solution is a fudge rushed in to win cheers at the party conference. 这个解决方案是为了赢得党的会议的赞誉而仓促搞出来的表面文章。

21 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

22 would   

aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会

参考例句：

• Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
• Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？

23 abroad   

adj.在国外，海外(一般作表语)；adv.到国外，在国外

参考例句：

• I just got back from abroad.我刚从国外回来。
• He goes abroad every year.他每年都到国外去。

24 proud   

adj.感到自豪的；得意的

参考例句：

• He was proud of having such a good friend.他为有这样的好朋友而自豪。
• We are proud of our great motherland.我们为伟大的祖国而自豪。

25 seems   

v.好像，仿佛( seem的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job. 她似乎对新工作忧喜参半。
• Her return to the team now seems a certainty. 她的归队现在似乎已成定局。

26 made   

v.make的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
• The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。

27 progress   

n.进步，发展，前进；v.促进，进步，进行

参考例句：

• Study well and make progress every day.好好学习，天天向上。
• He is very pleased with the progress we are making.他对我们工作的进展很满意。

28 succeed   

vt.成功，继承，继续；vi.接替，有作为

参考例句：

• It was a good try but it didn't succeed.这是一个很好的尝试，但没有成功。
• If he has no children, who will succeed?如果他没有孩子，谁将继位？

29 republic   

n.共和国，共和政体，团体，界

参考例句：

• The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。
• The PRC stands for the People's Republic of China.PRE代表中华人民共和国。

30 such   

adj.如此的，这样的；pron.这样的；adv.如此地

参考例句：

• He is such a man.他是这样一个人。
• He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻，花光了所有的钱。