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sure与certain的用法与区别

时间:2016-11-29 00:05来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   一、两者在用法上的相同点

  两者都可用作表语,表示“一定”或“确信”,有时可互换。互换的场合应注意以下几点用法:
  1. 表示说话者的态度或看法
  即表示说话者自己的态度或看法,其意为“一定会”“肯定会”。此时主要用法有:
  (1) 单独用作表语。如:
  One thing was1 sure [certain2]: they'd be late. 有一件事是确定无疑的,他们会迟到。
  (2) 后接不定式。如:
  He's certain [sure] to win. 他一定会成功。
  They're certain [sure] to need help. 他们肯定需要帮助。
  If you do this, you are certain [sure] to be found3 out. 如果你这样做一定会被发现。
  2. 表示句子主语的判断或信念
  即表示句子主语对某一情况的判断或信念,其意为“相信”“确信”“有把握”等。此时通常用于以下结构:
  (1) 后接of [about] sth。如:
  He is certain [sure] of success4. 他确信会成功。
  Are you certain of [about] that? 你对此有把握吗?
  (2) 后接 of doing sth。如:
  Our team is certain [sure] of winning5. 我们队有把握赢。
  You can be sure [certain] of his agreeing7. 你可以放心他会同意。
  比较同义句:
  He is certain [sure] of winning.
  =He is sure [certain] that he will win. 他自信会赢。
  (3) 后接 that / whether8 / if 从句。如:
  I am sure [certain] that he is honest9. 我肯定他是诚实的。
  I'm sure [certain] that it's not your fault10. 我敢肯定这不是你的错。
  Are you certain [sure] that this is the right road? 你肯定这条路对吗?
  注:当be sure [certain]为肯定式或疑问式时,后接that从句;当be sure [certain]为否定式时,后接whether [if]从句。如:
  I'm not sure [certain] whether he still works11 there. 我不能肯定他是否还在那里工作。
  I wasn't sure [certain] whether he would12 agree6. 我不太肯定他是否会同意。
  He wasn't sure [certain] whether he would be able13 to get back in time. 他不能肯定他是否能准时回来。
  (4) 后接其他从句。如:
  I'm not sure [certain] where she lives. 我不能肯定她住在哪里。
  I'm not certain [sure] who wrote14 it. 我不太清楚这是谁写的。
  二、只能用certain的情形
  以下情况通常只用certain,而不用sure:
  1. 当句中用了形式主语或形式宾语 it 时。如:
  It's certain that he'll come tomorrow. 他明天肯定会来。
  I thought15 it certain that he would be late. 我肯定他会迟到。
  It's certain that prices16 will go up. 价格肯定会上涨。
  It's not certain how much it will cost17. 这要花多少钱还不确定。
  2. 当表示“某一”“某些”时。如:
  A certain Mr Green wants to see you. 有个叫格林先生的人想见你。
  Certain plants are good to eat but others18 are not. 有些植物好吃, 而其他一些则不好吃。
  三、只能用sure的情形
  在 Be sure (not) to do sth.(一定要或不要做某事)这类祈使句中通常不用 certain。如:
  Be sure not to forget it. 千万别忘记啦。
  Be sure to get there before nine. 务必在九点前到达。
  Be sure to turn off19 the light when leave. 离开时一定要关灯。
  四、两者在习语中的用法
  1. 用于 for certain / for sure, 意为“肯定地”“确切地”等,两者可互换。如:
  I can't say for certain [sure] when he will come. 我不敢肯定地说他什么时候来。
  No one knows for sure [certain] what happened to her. 没有人确切地知道她出了什么事。
  2. 用于 make certain / make sure,意为“弄清楚”“弄得有把握”,两者可互换。如:
  They made20 certain [sure] (that) they weren't late. 他们有把握不迟到。
  I think there's a train at 10:40, but you'd better make certain [sure] of it. 我想10:40有趟火车,但你最好去核实一下。

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1 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
2 certain HU2y8     
adj.一定的;pron.某几个,某些;肯定的,无疑的,必然发生的
参考例句:
  • She is certain to come.她一定会来的。
  • It's not at all certain whether I'll come tomorrow.我明天还不定来不来呢。
3 found 8i5xD     
v.建立,创立,创办;vbl.(find的过去分词)找到
参考例句:
  • I found him at home.我发现他在家。
  • The United Nations was found in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
4 success ps7we     
n.成就,成功
参考例句:
  • The party looks like being a success after all.无论怎么说这次聚会看起来是成功的。
  • All in all,it has been a great success.总的来说,非常成功。
5 winning ieLzBt     
adj.获胜的,胜利的;吸引人的,有说服力的
参考例句:
  • Team A has no chance of winning.A队没有获胜的可能。
  • They have great hopes of winning.他们获胜的希望极大。
6 agree DKSyI     
vi.同意,赞成,承认,适合;vt.同意
参考例句:
  • I totally agree with you.我完全同意你的看法。
  • They could not agree about who should do the work.对于谁该做这项工作,他们意见不一致。
7 agreeing c3ddc08d5bb5723c3bf967b389051807     
v.同意,赞同( agree的现在分词 );[语法学](在性、数、人称或格方面)一致;相同;和睦相处
参考例句:
  • He cajoled me into agreeing to do the work. 他诱骗我同意干那件活儿。
  • He jumped on me for not agreeing with him. 他因我不同意他而斥责我。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 whether wUOzY     
conj.是否…,是不是…;是否…,是不是…
参考例句:
  • I cannot say whether it was Saturday or Sunday.我无法肯定那天是星期六还是星期天。
  • I don't care whether it rains,I am happy.我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。
9 honest ccrxd     
adj.诚实的;真诚的
参考例句:
  • He was very honest to tell me his story.他十分坦率地给我讲了他的故事。
  • He has an honest face.他有一张诚实坦率的脸。
10 fault wkaxz     
n.过错;缺点;故障;毛病;vt.挑剔;vi.弄错
参考例句:
  • It's not our fault.这不是我方过错。
  • I cannot pass over his fault.我不能宽恕他的过失。
11 works ieuzIh     
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
12 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
13 able 2ISy5     
adj.能...的,有才能的,能干的,能够的
参考例句:
  • How good and able he is!瞧他多能干啊!
  • He is able to do this job well.他有能力做好这件工作。
14 wrote pf8wI     
v.(write的过去式)写
参考例句:
  • She wrote the music and he wrote the book.她作曲子,他写歌词。
  • He wrote back that he was too busy to join us.他回信说他太忙不能参加我们的活动。
15 thought 1oMwg     
n.想法,思想,思维,思潮,关心,挂念;v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • It was just a thought.这仅仅是一个想法。
  • She thought he had a cold.她认为他感冒了。
16 prices afae32efe0f84fece3f96b377b768b33     
n.价格,价钱( price的名词复数 );代价;行市
参考例句:
  • Prices did not alter significantly during 2004. 2004年期间,价格没有大的变化。
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
17 cost 2zaxi     
n.价钱,费用,成本;损失,牺牲
参考例句:
  • What does the book cost?这本书值多少?
  • He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
18 others mmczaZ     
prep.(pl.)另外的人
参考例句:
  • Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
  • She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。
19 off 7Ilxf     
adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外
参考例句:
  • You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
  • I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
20 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
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