状语从句总结及例题

 　　由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。

　　（一）时间状语从句

　　表示时间的状语从句可由when, as², while³, whenever⁴, after, before, till⁵ (until), since⁶, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly⁷ (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。

　　e¹.g. When I came⁸ into the office, the teachers were having a meeting⁹.

　　He started as soon as he received¹⁰ the news¹¹.

　　Once you see him, you will never forget him.

　　No sooner had¹² I gone to bed than I went to sleep.

　　（二）原因状语从句

　　原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。

　　e.g. He is disappointed¹³ because he didn't get the position¹⁴.

　　As it is raining, I will not go out.

　　Now that you mention¹⁵ it, I do remember.

　　（三）地点状语从句

　　引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever¹⁶等。

　　e.g. Sit wherever you like.

　　Make a mark¹⁷ where you have a question.

　　（四）目的状语从句

　　引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order¹⁸ that, in case（以防，以免）等。

　　e.g. Speak clearly¹⁹, so that they may understand you.

　　She has bought the book in order that she could²⁰ follow the TV lessons.

　　He left early in case he should miss the train.

　　（五）结果状语从句

　　结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so … that, such²¹ … that等引导。

　　e.g. She was²² ill, so that she didn't attend²³ the meeting.

　　He was so excited²⁴ that he could not say a word.

　　She is such a good teacher that everyone admires²⁵ her.

　　（六）条件状语从句

　　条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless²⁶, so (as) long as, on condition²⁷ that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether²⁸替换。

　　e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

　　You may borrow²⁹ the book so long as you keep it clean.

　　So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.

　　You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don't go too far away from the river bank.

　　If he had come a few³⁰ minutes earlier, he could have seen³¹ her.

　　（七）让步状语从句

　　让步状语从句可由although³², though³³, as, even³⁴ if (though), however³⁵, whatever³⁶, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。

　　e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I'll never change my mind³⁷.

　　（八）方式状语从句

　　方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather³⁸ than等引导。

　　e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.

　　He acted³⁹ as if nothing had happened.

　　（九）比较状语从句

　　比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引导。

　　e.g. I have made⁴⁰ a lot more mistakes⁴¹ than you have.

　　He smokes cigarettes⁴² as expensive as he can afford⁴³.

　　The busier he is, the happier he feels.

　　（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题

　　1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。

　　e.g. We'll go outing⁴⁴ if it doesn't rain tomorrow.

　　I'll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.

　　2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。

　　e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.

　　If (you are) asked you may come in.

　　If (it is) necessary⁴⁵ I'll explain⁴⁶ to you again.

　　3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。

　　e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）

　　Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）

　　I don't know where he came from.（宾语从句）

　　Where he has gone is not known⁴⁷ yet⁴⁸.（主语从句）

　　This place is where they once hid⁴⁹.（表语从句）

1 e   

n.英语字母表的第5个字母；C大调音阶中的第三音

参考例句：

• The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错，把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 as   

conj.按照；如同

参考例句：

• He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
• In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。

3 while   

conj.当…的时候；而；虽然；尽管 n.一会儿

参考例句：

• In a short while,the cat ate up the fish.不久，那只猫便将鱼吃个精光。
• He teaches English in the school all the while.他一直在这所学校里教英语。

4 whenever   

adv.无论何时；conj.每当，无论何时，随时

参考例句：

• I'll go there whenever I have time.我多会儿有空就去。
• Whenever we meet him we speak to him.每次我们见到他，我们都和他讲话。

5 till   

conj.直到(...为止)；n.(账台中)放钱的抽屉；prep.直到；pron.直到...为止，直到；vt.耕种

参考例句：

• It was not till 11 o'clock that he came back last night.昨晚直到11点他才回来。
• You can come to my house till all hours.你多晚来我家都没关系。

6 since   

adv.后来；conj.既然，因为，自从；prep.自从

参考例句：

• He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后，他就一直在一家银行工作。
• I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。

7 hardly   

adv.几乎没有，刚刚，几乎不，勉强是

参考例句：

• I could hardly believe my eyes.我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
• The hens hardly laid any eggs in summer.母鸡夏天几乎不下蛋。

8 came   

v.动词come的过去式

参考例句：

• I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里，我很惊奇。
• The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。

9 meeting   

n.会议；集会

参考例句：

• Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗？
• We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。

10 received   

adj.被一般承认的，被认为标准的v.收到( receive的过去式和过去分词 )；接到；接纳；接待

参考例句：

• He received a knighthood in the New Year's Honours list. 他是新年受勋者之一，荣获爵士称号。
• The received wisdom is that they cannot win. 大家一致认为他们不会赢。

11 news   

n.新闻，消息

参考例句：

• No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
• I like reading hot news.我喜欢读热点新闻。

12 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

13 disappointed   

adj.失望的，不满意的，不如意的

参考例句：

• He seemed disappointed when the man refused his request.当那个人拒绝了他的要求时他看起来很失望。
• He was disappointed so often that he became hopeless.他屡次失望，以致变为了绝望。

14 position   

n.位置，职位；状态，立场；vt.安置，决定...的位置

参考例句：

• He is the only possible man for the position.他是担任该职务的惟一合适人选。
• You don't understand what a difficult position I'm in.你不会明白我的处境多么困难。

15 mention   

n.提及，说起；v.提到，谈到；vt.说起，提到

参考例句：

• Don't mention this problem this evening.今晚别提这个问题。
• You didn't mention to me when you are leaving.你没有告诉我何时动身。

16 wherever   

adv.（究竟）在哪里；conj.无论什么地方，各处，处处

参考例句：

• She used to follow after him wherever he went.以前，他走到哪里，她总是跟到哪里。
• The foolish boy was laughed at wherever he went.这个愚蠢的男孩不论走到哪里都受到讥笑。

17 mark   

n.标志，分数，马克；v.做标记于，留意，打分数

参考例句：

• Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.在那个句末划一个问号。
• Mark the wrong word with a circle.把错字圈起来。

18 order   

n.订单；命令；n.顺序，整齐；勋章；阶级，决议；vt.命令； 调整；定购

参考例句：

• His desk is always in order.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。
• You pay for it at the time you order it.订购时就得付款。

19 clearly   

adj.清楚的；adv. 清楚地

参考例句：

• I remember it quite clearly.这事我记得很清楚。
• We clearly need to think again.我们显然需要重新考虑。

20 could   

v.能，可能(can的过去式)；aux.v.(can的过去式)能；可以

参考例句：

• Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？
• I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。

21 such   

adj.如此的，这样的；pron.这样的；adv.如此地

参考例句：

• He is such a man.他是这样一个人。
• He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻，花光了所有的钱。

22 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

23 attend   

vt.参加，注意，照料；vi.专心，留意，待命

参考例句：

• Tomorrow I shall attend a meeting.明天我将参加会议。
• I think I can attend.我想我能出席。

24 excited   

adj.激动的；兴奋的

参考例句：

• He was so excited that he could not speak.他太兴奋，连话都说不出来了。
• The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party.孩子们兴奋得忘了把礼物带到聚会上了。

25 admires   

v.赞赏( admire的第三人称单数 )；称赞；欣赏；想要

参考例句：

• Everyone admires his spirit of doing boldly what is righteous. 人人都赞美他这种见义勇为的精神。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• No one admires a man who is full of conceit. 没有人喜欢一个十分自负的人。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

26 unless   

conj.如果不，除非

参考例句：

• You will fail unless you work hard.如果你不积极工作，就会失败。
• Don't ask me to explain unless you really don't understand.不要叫我解释，除非你真的不懂。

27 condition   

n.条件，状况，情况，地位；v.调节，制约，以…为条件

参考例句：

• The house is in a good condition.房子条件良好。
• His condition has more or less improved.他的情况多少有些改善。

28 whether   

conj.是否…，是不是…；是否…，是不是…

参考例句：

• I cannot say whether it was Saturday or Sunday.我无法肯定那天是星期六还是星期天。
• I don't care whether it rains,I am happy.我才不在乎下不下雨呢，我快活着呢。

29 borrow   

vt.借，借入，借用；vi.借

参考例句：

• Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗？
• You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。

30 few   

adj.很少的，不多的，少数的；int.少数的

参考例句：

• There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
• I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。

31 seen   

vbl.(see的过去分词)看见

参考例句：

• Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
• I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。

32 although   

conj（=though）虽然，即使，纵然，尽管

参考例句：

• Although my car is very old,It'still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧，但仍然跑得很快。
• Although he worked hard,he failed in the exam.虽然他很努力，但他考试没有及格。

33 though   

conj.虽然，尽管；即使；可是，不过，然而；adv.可是，不过，然而

参考例句：

• It's quite pleasant today,though the wind is rather cool.尽管风有点凉，今天天气还是很不错的。
• I will have a try even though I should fail.哪怕失败，我也要试一下。

34 even   

adj.平坦的，偶数的，相等的；adv.甚至，恰好，正当

参考例句：

• It was cold yesterday,but it's even colder today. 昨天冷，今天更冷了。
• He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.尽管他经验最少，但教得最好。

35 however   

adv.然而；conj.然而，可是，不过

参考例句：

• It's raining hard.However,I still want to go there.虽然下着大雨，我还是想去那儿。
• However, this does not always happen.然而，这种情况并不总是发生。

36 whatever   

adj.不管怎样的；adv.无论如何，不管怎样；pron.无论什么

参考例句：

• Whatever you do, try your best.无论你做什么，都要尽力而为。
• Whatever you say,facts are facts.任凭你怎么说，事实总是事实。

37 mind   

n.思想，主意，心意；v.介意，照顾，留心

参考例句：

• I've changed my mind.我一经转变主意。
• You really don't mind?你真的不介意？

38 rather   

adv.宁愿，宁可；相当

参考例句：

• I would rather go out tonight,if you don't mind. 如果你不介意的话，我宁愿今晚出去。
• This book is rather too easy for this boy.这本书对于这个孩子来说太简单。

39 acted   

link-v.表演v.行动( act的过去式和过去分词 )；做；表演；起作用

参考例句：

• He claimed he had only acted under coercion. 他声称他只是受了胁迫才采取了行动。
• The organization had acted as a conduit for money from the arms industry. 那家机构充当了从军火工业向他处中转资金的渠道。

40 made   

v.make的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
• The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。

41 mistakes   

n.错误( mistake的名词复数 )；过失；误解；（用词或数字上的）错误v.弄错，误解( mistake的第三人称单数 )；认不出；误会；看错

参考例句：

• In her haste to complete the work on time, she made a number of mistakes. 她急急忙忙想按时完工，结果出了不少错。
• Be humble enough to learn from your mistakes. 要虚心地从自己的错误中学习。

42 cigarettes   

n.纸烟，香烟( cigarette的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer. 有人劝他少抽烟、少喝啤酒。
• Oliver filched a packet of cigarettes from a well-dressed passenger. 奥立佛从一名衣冠楚楚的乘客身上偷得一包香烟。 来自《简明英汉词典》

43 afford   

vt.提供，负担得起的(后果，损失等)，给予

参考例句：

• At last they could afford a house.他们终于买得起房子了。
• I'll afford you a chance.我将给你提供一个机会。

44 outing   

n.郊游，远足；adj.远足适用的

参考例句：

• I'll go on an outing with some friends.我与朋友去郊游。
• Thank you for the wonderful outing.感谢你们组织的郊游。

45 necessary   

adj.必需的，必要的；n.（pl.）必需品

参考例句：

• If necessary,give me a ring.如果需要，打个电话给我。
• Sleep is necessary to health.睡眠对健康是必要的。

46 explain   

vt.解释，说明；vi. 解释，说明，辩解

参考例句：

• She knows how to explain it.她知道怎么解释它。
• Could you explain that again?您能再解释一遍吗？

47 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。

48 yet   

adv.还，仍然，即刻；conj.尽管，然而

参考例句：

• I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
• Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮，但还没找到男朋友呢。

49 hid   

hide 的过去式(分词)

参考例句：

• He hid the letter in a drawer. 他把信藏在抽屉里。
• She hid her worries behind an air of insouciance. 她掩饰着自己的烦恼，表现得无忧无虑。