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柯林斯字典年度词汇:脱欧击败特朗普主义

时间:2016-12-04 23:53来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   英国柯林斯字典(Collins Dictionary)公布年度十大词汇,英国脱欧(Brexit)登上冠军。《柯林斯英语词典》出版商表示,自从2013年“脱欧”一词被首次提出后,到今年6月公投临近,“脱欧”的使用率超过了3400%,如此高频的出现度前所未有。

  It is a world where the most intimate feelings and desires can be portrayed1 with a single emoticon.
  当今世界,即使是最私密的情感和渴望,人们都可以用一个简单的表情符号来传达。
  And it seems the fleeting2 nature of social media and texting is having an impact on the English language as the words we most frequently use are getting shorter.
  社交媒体及短信的迅捷性已对英语产生了影响,比方说,我们最常用的词语正在变得越来越短。
  Helen Newstead, the head of language content at Collins, said its 2016 "words of the year" list has been strongly influenced by the younger generation and not only includes current words like Brexit but also short phrases from social media and a four-letter acronym3; Jomo.
  柯林斯的语境部负责人海伦·纽斯戴德声称,2016年柯林斯“年度词汇”榜单深受年轻一代的影响,它不仅包括像“英国退欧”这种最新词汇,也囊括来自社交媒体的短语,甚至还有一个四个字母的缩略语——JOMO(享受自己的乐趣)。
  Jomo stands for the joy of missing out and is used when one decides to pass up on a party invitation without any fear of missing the event.
  JOMO即错过的乐趣。比如说,当你拒绝参加一个聚会,却不担心错过聚会的乐趣时,就可以使用这个词。
  It is thought to be the first time an acronym has been included on the Collins list, which has been issued since 2012 and celebrates terms that have enjoyed a significant rise in usage.
  JOMO的上榜被认为是缩略词被首次纳入2012年始发的柯林斯榜单,这是词语用法的一次重大突破。
  The term joins “throw shade”, a verb which describes when someone publicly shows contempt, and mic drop, the act of pretending to drop a microphone after speaking.
  “Throw shade”指某人公开表示自己的蔑视;而“丢麦克风”则用于指演讲后假装丢掉麦克风的动作。
  The latter, which experts said was being used around 14 times more than last year, has been made particularly popular on Twitter and Facebook with celebrities4, politicians and members of the Royal family, including Prince Harry5 and Barack Obama, miming6 the gesture in viral videos and GIFs.
  据专家统计,“丢麦克风”的使用次数与去年相比增加了14倍。该词在推特和脸书上格外受到名人、政治家和皇室成员的欢迎,其中包括哈里王子及贝拉克 奥巴马等人。该动作在病毒视频(受到爆炸式增长关注的视频)及GIF动画里被不停模仿。
  Other popular terms identified by Collins include dude food, junk food considered particularly appealing to men, sharenting, the habitual7 use of social media to share images or news about children, and uberisation, a business model where services are offered directly to a customer, for example via a mobile phone.
  同样上榜的其他热词包括:“纯爷们美食”,指格外吸引男性食客的简单味美的快餐;“晒娃成癖”,指在社交媒体上分享孩子的照片和新鲜事的习惯;“优步化”指将服务直接提供给顾客(譬如通过手机)的商业模式。
  2016 | Collins Words of the Year
  2016柯林斯年度词汇榜
  Brexit (noun):
  英国脱欧(名词)
  The withdrawal8 of the United Kingdom from the European Union
  指英国退出欧盟。
  Dude food (noun):
  纯爷们美食(名词)
  Junk food such as hot dogs or burgers, which are considered particularly appealing to men
  指格外吸引男性食客的快餐,比如热狗或者汉堡。
  Hygge (noun):
  随性的舒适(名词)
  A concept, originating in Denmark, of creating cosy9 and convivial10 atmospheres that promote well-being11
  起源于丹麦的一种理念,指营造舒适惬意的氛围来提升生活品质。
  Jomo (noun acronym, joy of missing out):
  错过的乐趣(名词,缩略词)
  Pleasure gained from enjoying ones current activities without worrying that other people are having more fun
  享受自己当下时光而不担心他人更为快乐。
  Mic drop (noun):
  丢麦克风(名词)
  A theatrical12 gesture in which a person drops (or imitates the action of dropping) a hand-held microphone to the ground as the finale to a speech or performance
  指某人把一个手持麦克风丢到(或假装丢到)地上以示演说或表演结束的戏剧性动作。
  Sharenting (noun):
  晒娃成癖(名词)
  The habitual use of social media to share news and images of one's children
  指在社交媒体上过度分享孩子照片和新鲜事的习惯。
  Snowflake generation (noun):
  雪花一代(名词)
  The young adults of the 2010s, who are viewed as being less resilient and more prone13 to taking offence than previous generations
  指最近几年的青年。与以往几代人相比,他们被认为是适应能力更弱并更易发怒的一代。
  Throw shade (verb):
  公开蔑视(动词)
  To make a public show of contempt for someone or something, often in a subtle or non-verbal manner
  通常指以不易察觉或非口头的方式公开表示对某人或某物的蔑视。
  Trumpism (noun): 特朗普主义(名词)
  (1) the policies advocated by the US politician Donald Trump14, especially those involving a rejection15 of the current political establishment and the vigorous pursuit of American national interests (2) a controversial or outrageous16 statement attributed to Donald Trump
  指(1)美国政客唐纳德 特朗普提倡的政策,特指那些涉及反对现有政治机构及执着追求美国国家利益的政策;(2)唐纳德 特朗普那些充满争议且离谱的言论。
  Uberization (noun):
  优步化(名词)
  The adoption17 of a business model in which services are offered on demand through direct contact between a customer and supplier, usually via mobile technology.
  指一种通过顾客和服务者直接联系(通常通过移动技术)实现服务直接对接需求的商业模式的应用。
  The list also carries on last year's theme and reflects that many now strive to live sensible lives, which focus on well-being.
  词汇榜仍旧沿用去年主题,反映出许多人努力追求理性健康生活的现状,关注大众的生活品质。
  The use of hygge, the concept of creating a cosy and convivial atmosphere, has almost doubled since last year, experts said.
  有专家称,“随性的舒适”一词(即营造惬意舒适的氛围)的使用次数,自去年起翻了近一倍。
  Ms Newstead put the changing nature of language down to social media where space is often restricted and messages are sent in haste.
  纽斯戴德女士认为,社交媒体对发言字数的限制,以及人们发送信息时的匆忙导致了语言特性的改变。
  An analysis of the previous "words of the year" lists by The Telegraph shows the average length of a one-word term has decreased from 9.3 letters per word to 7.3 in the last four years.
  《每日电讯报》关于之前“年度词汇榜”的分析表明,在过去四年间,单词词语所含的平均字母数已从9.3个字母下降到7.3个字母。
  "Most of this year's words are used by or related to the generation born towards the end of the last century their contribution to the constant evolution of the English language should not be overlooked", she said.
  “今年的大部分年度词汇都是上世纪末出生的一代使用的或与他们有关的,这代人对英语持续演化的影响不应被忽视。”她说。
  Ms Newstead said words that end up on the final cut are often ones that encapsulate a social trend.
  纽斯戴德女士还称,最终上榜的词汇通常能够概括近来的社会潮流。
  This year, the experts decided18 the word of the year was Brexit after it saw an unprecedented19 upsurge of more than 3,400 percent.
  今年,在目睹“英国脱欧”一词的使用率经历前所未有的飙升(超过3400%)后,专家组决定将其定为年度词汇。
  Previous winning words have included binge-watch, photobomb and geek.
  以往的年度词汇包括“煲剧”、“抢镜”及“极客”等。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 portrayed a75f5b1487928c9f7f165b2773c13036     
v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 );描述;描绘;描画
参考例句:
  • Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中,他始终把自己说成是受害者。
  • The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 fleeting k7zyS     
adj.短暂的,飞逝的
参考例句:
  • The girls caught only a fleeting glimpse of the driver.女孩们只匆匆瞥了一眼司机。
  • Knowing the life fleeting,she set herself to enjoy if as best as she could.她知道这种日子转瞬即逝,于是让自已尽情地享受。
3 acronym Ny8zN     
n.首字母简略词,简称
参考例句:
  • That's a mouthful of an acronym for a very simple technology.对于一项非常简单的技术来说,这是一个很绕口的缩写词。
  • TSDF is an acronym for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities.TSDF是处理,储存和处置设施的一个缩写。
4 celebrities d38f03cca59ea1056c17b4467ee0b769     
n.(尤指娱乐界的)名人( celebrity的名词复数 );名流;名声;名誉
参考例句:
  • He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
  • a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目
5 harry heBxS     
vt.掠夺,蹂躏,使苦恼
参考例句:
  • Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天,人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
  • Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。
6 miming c4d1c142f9a8c405a4e194dafd5c15b5     
v.指手画脚地表演,用哑剧的形式表演( mime的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The actor was miming the movements of a bird. 这位演员正在摹拟一只鸟的动作。 来自互联网
  • Enneagram in Miming. A Silence Theatre production. 无声模式制作,用默剧手法介绍九型人格。 来自互联网
7 habitual x5Pyp     
adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的
参考例句:
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。
8 withdrawal Cfhwq     
n.取回,提款;撤退,撤军;收回,撤销
参考例句:
  • The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
  • They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。
9 cosy dvnzc5     
adj.温暖而舒适的,安逸的
参考例句:
  • We spent a cosy evening chatting by the fire.我们在炉火旁聊天度过了一个舒适的晚上。
  • It was so warm and cosy in bed that Simon didn't want to get out.床上温暖而又舒适,西蒙简直不想下床了。
10 convivial OYEz9     
adj.狂欢的,欢乐的
参考例句:
  • The atmosphere was quite convivial.气氛非常轻松愉快。
  • I found it odd to imagine a nation of convivial diners surrendering their birthright.我发现很难想象让这样一个喜欢热热闹闹吃饭的民族放弃他们的习惯。
11 well-being Fe3zbn     
n.安康,安乐,幸福
参考例句:
  • He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
  • My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福,却被误解为多管闲事。
12 theatrical pIRzF     
adj.剧场的,演戏的;做戏似的,做作的
参考例句:
  • The final scene was dismayingly lacking in theatrical effect.最后一场缺乏戏剧效果,叫人失望。
  • She always makes some theatrical gesture.她老在做些夸张的手势。
13 prone 50bzu     
adj.(to)易于…的,很可能…的;俯卧的
参考例句:
  • Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
  • He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。
14 trump LU1zK     
n.王牌,法宝;v.打出王牌,吹喇叭
参考例句:
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手,作为他的王牌。
15 rejection FVpxp     
n.拒绝,被拒,抛弃,被弃
参考例句:
  • He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
  • The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。
16 outrageous MvFyH     
adj.无理的,令人不能容忍的
参考例句:
  • Her outrageous behaviour at the party offended everyone.她在聚会上的无礼行为触怒了每一个人。
  • Charges for local telephone calls are particularly outrageous.本地电话资费贵得出奇。
17 adoption UK7yu     
n.采用,采纳,通过;收养
参考例句:
  • An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
  • The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。
18 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
19 unprecedented 7gSyJ     
adj.无前例的,新奇的
参考例句:
  • The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
  • A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。
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