【简明语法】17.2 名词性that-从句

1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
　 主语：That he is still alive is sheer¹ luck.　 他还活着全靠运气。
　 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.　约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
　 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.　　　事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
　 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
　　　　　　　近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
　 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
　　　　　　　你对工作满意我感到很高兴。

2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
　　It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed² to failure.　很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
　　It's a pity that you should have to leave.　你非走不可真是件憾事。
　　
　　用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
　 a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
　　　It is necessary that…　　　 有必要……
　　　It is important that…　　　 重要的是……
　　　It is obvious that…　　　　 很明显……


　 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
　　　It is believed that…　　　　　人们相信……
　　　It is known to all that…　　　从所周知……
　　　It has been decided³ that…　　 已决定……


　 c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
　　　It is common knowledge that…　 ……是常识
　　　It is a surprise that…　　 令人惊奇的是……
　　　It is a fact that…　　　　 事实是……


　 d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
　　　It appears that…　　　　　　似乎……
　　　It happens that…　　　　　　碰巧……
　　　It occurred to me that…　　 我突然想起……

1 sheer   

adj.绝对的，全然的，峻峭的；v.躲开，躲避，使...避开； adv.完全，全然，峻峭

参考例句：

• He achieved his aim by sheer strength of will.他纯粹靠意志力达到了目的。
• I guess It'sheer waste of time arguing about it.看来争论这件事纯粹是浪费时间。

2 doomed   

命定的

参考例句：

• The court doomed the accused to a long term of imprisonment. 法庭判处被告长期监禁。
• A country ruled by an iron hand is doomed to suffer. 被铁腕人物统治的国家定会遭受不幸的。

3 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。