英国文化：英国新社会分级划7等 新兴大热阶层有哪些?

 英国BBC最新的阶级调查出炉，如图从左到右7大阶层依次为精英群体(Elite¹)，传统中产阶级(Established Middle)、技术型中产阶级(Technical Middle)、新型有富余的工作者(New Affluent²)、传统工人阶级(Traditional Working)、新兴服务业工作者(Emergent Services)和不稳定型无产者(Precariat)。

　　The new classification was produced by Professor Mike Savage³ of the London School of Economics to update the widely used market research system developed more than 50 years ago.

　　(该)新分类是伦敦经济学院迈克·苏威治教授根据半个多世纪前的市场调研体系更新得出的。

　　The table shows that the boundaries between classes have become blurred⁴.

　　图表显示，阶级之间的界面渐趋模糊。

　　The top of the tree, the elites⁵ amount to 6 per cent of the population. They were largely educated at old and prestigious⁶ universities, hold professional or highly paid jobs, live in London and the South-East, and like high culture.

　　最顶层是精英阶层，人数已增至人口的6%。他们大多在老牌名校受过良好教育，工作专业性强且高薪，住在伦敦和英格兰东南部，喜欢高雅文化。

　　But behind them the middle class, or those with incomes that put them alongside the traditional middle classes, have swelled⁷ to almost half of the population.

　　其后是中产阶级和收入已达传统中产阶级的人群，这一阶级人口已膨胀至人口的一半了。

　　25 per cent of the population are ‘established middle class’, often holding jobs in councils or other public services. They like highbrow culture but also have time for pop music, and they live in the suburbs. They are on social terms with some members of the elite.

　　有25%的人是“传统中产阶层”，多半在市政服务机构和其它公共服务产业。喜欢高雅文化也有闲情听流行音乐，住在郊区，与精英阶层有社交往来。

　　Alongside them in the middle ground are a ‘technical middle class’, many working in scientific or medical jobs, and whose ranks include workers who require high skills and training, such as pilots. They have incomes over ?37,000 and also live in the suburbs, making up 6 per cent of the populace.

　　其后是“技术性中产阶级“，许多人在科技和医疗领域工作，这一阶层有许多受高端技能和训练的工作者，飞行员便是其一。其年入超过3万7千英镑，也住在郊区，占人口6%。

　　The ‘new affluent workers’, with incomes well above the national average at more than ?29,000, work in retail⁸ or sales, or in skilled trades.

　　“新兴有富余的工作者”收入远远高于国家平均收入，达2万9千英镑，从事零售业、销售业及技能产业。

　　At the end of the scale is the newly named ‘precariat’, so called because they depend on insecure jobs or state benefits. The precariat makes up 15 per cent of the population.

　　位于等级的末端是最新命名的“不稳定型无产者”，得此名因其工作收入不稳、且需依赖国家福利生存。不稳定型无产者”占人口15%。

1 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

2 affluent   

adj.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的

参考例句：

• He hails from an affluent background.他出身于一个富有的家庭。
• His parents were very affluent.他的父母很富裕。

3 savage   

adj.野蛮的；凶恶的，残暴的；n.未开化的人

参考例句：

• The poor man received a savage beating from the thugs.那可怜的人遭到暴徒的痛打。
• He has a savage temper.他脾气粗暴。

4 blurred   

v.（使）变模糊( blur的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）难以区分；模模糊糊；迷离

参考例句：

• She suffered from dizziness and blurred vision. 她饱受头晕目眩之苦。
• Their lazy, blurred voices fell pleasantly on his ears. 他们那种慢吞吞、含糊不清的声音在他听起来却很悦耳。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 elites   

精华( elite的名词复数 )； 精锐； 上层集团； （统称）掌权人物

参考例句：

• The elites are by their nature a factor contributing to underdevelopment. 这些上层人物天生是助长欠发达的因素。
• Elites always detest gifted and nimble outsiders. 社会名流对天赋聪明、多才多艺的局外人一向嫌恶。

6 prestigious   

adj.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的

参考例句：

• The young man graduated from a prestigious university.这个年轻人毕业于一所名牌大学。
• You may even join a prestigious magazine as a contributing editor.甚至可能会加入一个知名杂志做编辑。

7 swelled   

增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情）

参考例句：

• The infection swelled his hand. 由于感染，他的手肿了起来。
• After the heavy rain the river swelled. 大雨过后，河水猛涨。

8 retail   

v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格

参考例句：

• In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
• These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。