雅思8分作文经典900句：动词间的逻辑关系a

 　　Part III：1个main verb¹原则

　　理论上讲：一个句子只应该有一个为主的动词(即2)。

　　但是，实际运用的过程中，我们会发现一个句子中有多个动词，此时就需要：

　　标记清楚这些动词彼此间的逻辑关系！

　　这里的逻辑关系有两种情况：

　　1.并列(即：将这些动词视为地位相同；一般方式为使用and连接)

　　2.从属(即：牺牲某个或某些动词，将其处理成符合从属关系的方式，从而确保为主的动词只有一个；一般方式为使用动词三大非谓语形式：动词的ing形式、动词的过去分词形式、动词的不定式形式)

　　1.并列关系示例

　　示例1：I sat down beside her said nothing.

　　分析：sat与said之间没有标记逻辑关系，错误！可以添加and，形成并列关系，即：

　　I sat down beside her and said nothing.

　　示例2：I entered the room saw mother sit there wait for me come back.

　　分析：这里有5个动词，都没有标记逻辑关系，错误！通过分析，我们看到：entered和saw可以并列，因为它们拥有共同的1，即：I；sit和wait可以并列，因为它们拥有共同的1，即：mother，但这两组动词之间就不能再并列了，因为无法这么做。这就意味着：这句话里的动词有的可以并列，而有的不可以。

　　示例3：I opened the bag took out some paper and a pen, sat down started take notes.

　　分析：opened，took out，sat down，started这四个动词拥有共同的1，即：I，而且都是这个1直接行使或发出的动作，所以，可以采取并列关系；但take因为有个过渡层，而且在时态上也与其它动词处于不平衡状态，因此并列处理不合适。

　　2.从属关系示例

　　示例1：I sat down beside her said nothing.

　　分析：动词关系混乱，假如想确保sat，则需要牺牲后面的said，即：

　　I sat down beside her, saying nothing.

　　假如确保后面的said，则需牺牲前面的sat：

　　Sitting down beside her, I said nothing.

　　示例2：To quit smoking², I eat candies.

　　不定式常常用来表示目的。

　　

　　Part IV：一个句子一个句号的原则

　　理论上讲，一个句子一个句号，但是，实际运用中会有几个甚至多个句子摆放在一起共享一个句号，此时应该怎么办呢？

　　答案很简单：标记清楚这些句子间的逻辑关系。有两种：

　　1.并列关系示例

　　示例1：I sat down beside her. I said nothing.

　　变为：I sat down beside her and I said nothing.

　　示例2：He asked me a question. I answered him.

　　变为：He asked me a question and I answered him.

　　2.从属关系

　　1)运用各类从句，形成主从符合句，主要包括：

　　状语从句

　　宾语从句

　　定语从句

　　主语从句

　　同位语从句

　　2)运用非谓语动词进行从属方式的处理。此时，部分句子的主要动词变成了动词的非谓语形式，致使整体的复杂句式变成了简单句式，主要手段就是按照规则进行了下列三种形态的变化：

　　动词的ing形式

　　动词的过去分词形式

　　动词不定式形式

　　从属关系示例(以状语从句为例)

　　示例1：When he asked me a question, I answered him.

　　示例2：I was so angry that I beat him up!

　　示例3：If you ask me ‘why’, I will answer ‘because’!

　　示例4：Since you are not feeling well, just lie down and take a good rest.

　　示例5：Although I have tried my best, I can’t win her heart.

　　示例6：Wherever I am, I will be thinking of you.

　　示例7：I went out very early in the morning so that I could avoid the rush hour traffic.

　　非谓语动词方式处理示例

　　示例1：I sat beside her. I felt very nervous.

　　可变为：Sitting beside her, I felt very nervous.

　　或者：I sat beside her, feeling very nervous.

　　示例2：I want to quit smoking. I eat candies.

　　可变为：To quit smoking, I eat candies.

　　示例3：A young man was tired of sleeping on the floor. He saved up for years to buy a real bed.

　　可以变为：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.

　　示例4：Jimmy was dressed up as Father Christmas. He was accompanied by a guard of honor³ of six pretty girls. He set off down the main street of the city. He rode a baby elephant. The elephant was called Jumbo.

　　可以变为：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls, Jimmy set off down the main street of the city, riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.

1 verb   

n.[语]动词

参考例句：

• The sentence is formed from a verb and two nouns.这句子由一个动词和两个名词构成。
• These are the finite forms of a verb.这些是一个动词的限定形式。

2 smoking   

n.吸烟，抽烟；冒烟

参考例句：

• He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
• He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。

3 honor   

n.光荣；敬意；荣幸；vt.给…以荣誉；尊敬

参考例句：

• I take your visit as a great honor.您的来访是我莫大的光荣。
• It is a great honor to receive that prize.能拿到那个奖是无上的光荣。