英语口译必备：2015两会不可不知的热词

 　　The plenary sessions of the National People's Congress (NPC)and the National Committee of the Chinese People' s PoliticalConsultative Conference (CPPCC), popularly known as the "twosessions", are kicking off this week. What will be the big talkingpoints? We have compiled a list of 26 hot topics, in accordancewith the 26 letters in the English alphabet.

　　被称作“两会”的全国人民代表大会(NPC)与中国人民政治协商会议(CPPCC)本周拉开大幕。今年的两会有哪些看点?我们以26个英文字母为索引，为你梳理26个两会热点话题。

　　A|Anti-corruption² 重拳反腐

　　The Chinese government has adopted a zero-tolerance approach in fighting corruption since the18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in November 2012. In 2015,China's top anti-graft³ watchdog said it will net more "tigers" and "flies" - corrupt¹ governmentofficials at both higher and lower levels - and combat graft in State-owned enterprises (SOEs). Buthow to build a long-term mechanism⁴ to supervise the exercise of official power requiressuggestions from NPC deputies and CPPCC members.

　　2012年11月的中共十八大以来，中国政府对待反腐采取“零容忍”的态度。2015年，中国反腐监察机构表示将继续“打虎拍蝇”，并开辟国企反腐的战场。但是，如何建立权力监督的长期机制，仍需两会代表献策建言。

　　B|Breakup of Monopolies 破除垄断

　　Although China has eased market access in many industries and started SOE reforms in a bid tomobilize private investment and break monopolies, there is still a lot to do to achieve faircompetition. Experts believe the private sector⁵ will reap more fruit this year.

　　尽管中国已经放宽许多行业的市场准入门槛并开始国企改革，以调动私人投资，破除垄断，但如何实现社会资源平等竞争还大有空间。专家预计，今年民营经济在这方面将有更多收获。

　　C|Check of Power 简政放权

　　In the past two years, China's central government has prioritized the task of cutting red tape anddelegating power to lower-level governments. Altogether, 798 administrative⁶ approval items havebeen canceled or delegated to local governments. The move has curbed⁷ corruption and stimulatedentrepreneurship. More progress can be expected in the area.

　　过去两年，中央政府简政放权成为改革重头戏，国务院累计取消和下放798项行政审批事项，有力地防止了腐败，激发了创业激情。这方面还会更有新进展。

　　D|Democracy 中国式民主

　　In February, the CPC Central Committee published a document proposing to promote"consultative democracy". Consultative democracy - defined as a democratic pattern in which, ledby the CPC, all sections of society are consulted on major issues before and during policy-makingprocesses - helps Chinese people take part in the country's governance and makes sure thatdiverse voices can be heard and consensus⁸ can be reached. The two sessions are perfectexamples of China exerting consultative democracy and offer a window for people to observe andunderstand China's democracy.

　　2月，中共中央印发《关于加强社会主义协商民主建设的意见》，将协商民主定义为“在中国共产党领导下，人民内部各方面围绕重大问题，在决策之前和决策实施之中开展广泛协商，努力形成共识的重要民主形式。”而“两会”正是“协商民主”的绝佳体现，这为关注并试图理解中国式民主的人们提供了视角。

　　E|Engines 经济引擎

　　In early 2015, Chinese Premier⁹ Li Keqiang put forward a fresh concept at Davos - "Two engines": "To transform the traditional engine of growth by focusing on increasing the supply of publicgoods and services" and "To foster a new engine of growth by encouraging massentrepreneurship and innovation." In 2015, China is sure to take steps to fuel the "two engines" sothat the economy can maintain a medium-to-high speed of growth and achieve a medium-to-highlevel of development.

　　李克强总理在瑞士达沃斯年会上发表演讲时首次提出“双引擎”概念：一方面要改造升级传统引擎，扩大公共产品和公共服务的供给;另一方面要培育打造新引擎，推动大众创业、万众创新。2015年中国将采取措施为“双引擎”加油，使其释放能量助推中国经济保持“双中高”——实现中高速增长、迈向中高端水平。

　　F|"Four Comprehensives" “四个全面”

　　CPC mouthpiece the People's Daily has carried a series of editorials prior to the annual legislativesession, expounding¹¹ the concept of the "Four Comprehensives", first raised by Xi Jinping inDecember. The concept includes comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society,deepening reform, advancing the rule of law and strictly¹² governing the Party. The concept,drawing widespread attention from home and abroad, is expected to be the main theme of thelegislative session.

　　两会前，《人民日报》发表系列评论，阐述习近平去年12月首次提出的“四个全面”——“全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面推进依法治国、全面从严治党”。这个新提法受到了海内外的广泛关注，被认为将成两会“主旋律”。

　　G|GDP 经济增长

　　At the opening meeting of the NPC session on Thursday, Li Keqiang will reveal this year's GDPtarget when delivering the government work report. It is the subject of much anticipation¹³ at homeand abroad. Most Chinese provinces lowered their GDP targets for 2015 at previous local legislativesessions.

　　3月5日的人大会议开幕会上，李克强总理在《政府工作报告》中将披露今年GDP增长预期目标，这是一个海内外普遍关注的悬念。在此前召开的地方两会上，绝大多数省份都下调了2015年GDP增长目标。

　　H|Hong Kong 香港

　　2014 was an eventful year for Hong Kong. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect programkicked off trading. Guangdong and Hong Kong liberalized their service trade, and the Guangdongfree trade zone (FTZ) was approved. Meanwhile, the illegal "occupy" protest movement negativelyimpacted Hong Kong's development and reform to its political system. Differences of opinionbetween people from the mainland and Hong Kong have surged.

　　2014年对香港特别行政区来说喜忧交加：“沪港通”开锣、粤港基本实现服务贸易自由化、广东自贸区获批;与此同时，长达两个多月的“占中”非法集会也对香港的发展与政制改革带来不良影响，两地人员交流往来也出现了一些摩擦。

　　I|Innovation 创新

　　Innovation is an engine to China's development, and reform an ignitor to the engine. As theeconomy enters a "new normal", and growth slows, China's economy will rely more on innovationto drive its growth.

　　创新是中国发展的新引擎，而改革是必不可少的点火器。在经济步入新常态、增速明显放缓的大趋势下，中国经济更加需要依靠创新驱动。

　　J|Jobs 就业&创业

　　The number of jobs forecast to be created this year will be revealed at the annual legislativesession. In the past two years, despite an economic slowdown, the number of newly-created jobshas increased steadily¹⁴. China is promoting employment through encouraging business start-ups,cutting red tape and delegating power to lower-level governments.

　　今年中国决心创造多少新就业岗位，将在两会中披露。近两年，在经济增速放缓的同时，新增就业人数却稳步上升。中国正在用激励创业、简政放权的办法推动就业。

　　K|Key Policies 关键政策

　　China's fiscal¹⁵ and monetary¹⁶ policies in 2015 under the circumstances of slowed economic growthare the key focus of the two sessions.

　　在经济增速放缓的情况下，中国如何制定2015年的财政政策与货币政策，将成为两会的重中之重。

　　L|Law 法治

　　2015 has been defined by the Chinese leadership as "the first year of comprehensively promotingthe rule of law". The two sessions are expected to address legal and judicial¹⁷ aspects in detail: forexample, a bill to amend¹⁸ the Legislation Law.

　　2015年是中国全面推进依法治国的开局之年。两会将具体细化依法治国各项任务，如审议立法法修正案草案。

　　M|Military 国防军事

　　China's military expenditure¹⁹ will definitely become one of the most discussed topics during the twosessions in Western and domestic media. The question China faces is how to build and manage astronger army in new conditions.

　　两会将披露一个海内外极其关注的数据：中国的军费。新形势下中国如何治军强军成为关注焦点。

　　N|New Normal 新常态

　　"New normal" is a buzz word in 2014 and it will be the first appearance of the word at the twosessions since it became a guideline for Chinese leaders in economic policy-making.

　　“新常态”名列2014年度中国十大新词语榜首，并已经成为领导人制订经济政策的依据。今年两会，是“新常态”一词成为政策话语后的第一次两会。

　　O|Opening up 开放

　　China became a net foreign investor²⁰ for the first time in 2014. However, foreign capital still plays avital role in the Chinese economy, especially in improving the quality and efficiency of growth andin driving innovation. In 2015, China will further open up its service sector, guided by experiencedistilled from the Shanghai Free Trade Zone.

　　2014年，中国第一次成为对外净投资国。但是，外资对中国经济仍然必不可少，特别体现在经济提质增效和创新驱动发展等方面。2015年，中国将继续扩大多个领域对外开放，同时推广上海自贸区经验。

　　P|Pollution 污染问题

　　"We will resolutely²¹ declare war against pollution as we declared war against poverty," said Premier LiKeqiang at the parliamentary sessions last year. A poll has showed that pollution control andenvironmental protection remains²² one of the biggest areas of public concern ahead of the twosessions.

　　“我们要像对贫困宣战一样，坚决向污染宣战。”去年两会上李克强总理的这句话掷地有声。网调显示，污染问题和环境治理是今年两会前最受公众关注的话题之一。

　　Q|Quality 质量

　　China will not pursue statistical²³ growth single-mindedly, but try to strike a balance where industrialtransformation and upgrading and a rational growth rate can all be achieved. The country isembarking on a development path characterized by efficiency, quality, sustainability andsteadiness.

　　中国表示将不再简单追求增长速度，而将在转型升级与保持合理增长区间内找到一个黄金平衡点，追求有效率、高质量、可持续、更稳健有力的发展。

　　R|Reform 改革

　　This year has been defined by the top leadership as a crucial period for deepening reform. In whichfields will these reforms take place? The government work report will give the answer.

　　用领导人的话说，以全面深化改革为特征的中国新改革今年进入了关键之年。改革将在哪些领域落笔?《政府工作报告》将给出答案。

　　S|Silk Road 丝绸之路

　　It is widely expected that more tangible²⁴ achievements will be made in the "Belt and Road"networks. At their local legislative¹⁰ sessions, 31 Chinese provinces, cities and autonomous²⁵ regionssaid they would actively²⁶ participate in or support the building of the Silk Road Economic Belt and21st Century Maritime²⁷ Silk Road.

　　各方普遍预测2015年将成为“一带一路”(丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路)做深做实的一年。多个省市区在地方两会上表示将积极参与或服务于“一带一路”。

　　T|Tibet 西藏

　　2015 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region. The Chinesecentral government's policies on governing Tibet will attract attention from reporters home andabroad.

　　2015年是西藏自治区成立50周年。中央治藏政策将是海内外记者们关注的话题。

　　U|United States 中美关系

　　Xi Jinping is scheduled to pay a State visit to the United States in September. Last year, China andthe United States reached consensus in aspects including visa arrangements, trade and militarytrust. The two sides also released the landmark²⁸ China-U.S. Joint²⁹ Announcement on ClimateChange. Reporters will try to get some hints on how China and the United States will rise abovetheir differences.

　　习近平主席将于今年9月应邀对美进行国事访问。去年中美就签证互惠、军事互信、贸易谈判等问题达成多项协议与共识，还发表了具有里程碑意义的《中美气候变化联合声明》。未来两国如何拓展合作、管控分歧，各国记者们很可能借两会场合一探究竟。

　　V|Values 价值观

　　Authorities believe that moral and ethical³⁰ education should run through the reform and opening upand influence ordinary people's lives, with the core socialist³¹ values of harmony, integrity andfairness being cultivated.

　　中国正提倡把精神文明建设贯穿改革开放和现代化全过程、渗透社会生活各方面，并大力培育和谐、公正、平等等社会主义核心价值观。

　　W|World 世界

　　Given China's fast development and closer ties with other nations, the world cares ever more aboutChinese views and attitudes. Attention will be given to a series of regional hot-spot issues andworldwide issues at the two sessions.

　　随着中国的迅速发展和与世界的联系更加紧密，“中国怎么看”正变得越来越重要。一系列全球和地区热点话题将在两会受到关注。

　　X|Xi Jinping 习近平

　　The schedule of the Chinese President Xi Jinping will be closely watched. International and domesticmedia are wondering what he will say when discussing state affairs with national lawmakers andpolitical advisors³².

　　国家主席习近平的两会日程引人注目，国内外媒体都关注他与代表委员共商国是时会讲到什么。

　　Y|Year 承前启后之年

　　2015 marks the final year of China's 12th Five-Year Plan, and will also usher³³ in the 13th Five-YearPlan towards the end of the year. The two sessions comes at a crucial period of time in between.

　　今年是全面完成“十二五”规划的收官之年，中国即将开启“十三五”规划。两会恰逢全面建成小康社会承前启后的关键时间点。

　　Z|Zone 自贸区

　　A year and a half after the launch of the pioneering Shanghai FTZ, similar FTZs in Guangdong,Fujian and Tianjin have been approved and may have an official kick-off very soon. Experts saythey are not simple copies of the Shanghai FTZ, but more regionally integrated, targeted, anddifferentiated in their functions.

　　中国首个自由贸易试验区正式于上海挂牌近一年半后，粤闽津三个新设自贸区正式挂牌之日渐近。专家认为新一批自贸区并非对上海自贸区经验的简单复制，而是区域化特征明显、目标指向性更强，走差异化道路。

1 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

2 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

3 graft   

n.移植，嫁接，艰苦工作，贪污；v.移植，嫁接

参考例句：

• I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.我马上就要接受手臂的皮肤移植手术。
• The minister became rich through graft.这位部长透过贪污受贿致富。

4 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

5 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

6 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

7 curbed   

v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Advertising aimed at children should be curbed. 针对儿童的广告应受到限制。 来自辞典例句
• Inflation needs to be curbed in Russia. 俄罗斯需要抑制通货膨胀。 来自辞典例句

8 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

9 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。

10 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

11 expounding   

论述，详细讲解( expound的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Soon Gandhi was expounding the doctrine of ahimsa (nonviolence). 不久甘地就四出阐释非暴力主义思想。
• He was expounding, of course, his philosophy of leadership. 当然，他这是在阐述他的领导哲学。

12 strictly   

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

• His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
• The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

13 anticipation   

n.预期，预料，期望

参考例句：

• We waited at the station in anticipation of her arrival.我们在车站等着，期待她的到来。
• The animals grew restless as if in anticipation of an earthquake.各种动物都变得焦躁不安，像是感到了地震即将发生。

14 steadily   

adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地

参考例句：

• The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
• Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。

15 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

16 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

17 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

18 amend   

vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿

参考例句：

• The teacher advised him to amend his way of living.老师劝他改变生活方式。
• You must amend your pronunciation.你必须改正你的发音。

19 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。

20 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

21 resolutely   

adj.坚决地，果断地

参考例句：

• He resolutely adhered to what he had said at the meeting. 他坚持他在会上所说的话。
• He grumbles at his lot instead of resolutely facing his difficulties. 他不是果敢地去面对困难，而是抱怨自己运气不佳。

22 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

23 statistical   

adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。

24 tangible   

adj.有形的，可触摸的，确凿的，实际的

参考例句：

• The policy has not yet brought any tangible benefits.这项政策还没有带来任何实质性的好处。
• There is no tangible proof.没有确凿的证据。

25 autonomous   

adj.自治的；独立的

参考例句：

• They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
• This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

26 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

27 maritime   

adj.海的，海事的，航海的，近海的，沿海的

参考例句：

• Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
• The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。

28 landmark   

n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标

参考例句：

• The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
• The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。

29 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

30 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

31 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

32 advisors   

n.顾问，劝告者( advisor的名词复数 )；（指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• The governors felt that they were being strung along by their advisors. 地方长官感到他们一直在受顾问们的愚弄。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• We will consult together with advisors about her education. 我们将一起和专家商议她的教育事宜。 来自互联网

33 usher   

n.带位员，招待员；vt.引导，护送；vi.做招待，担任引座员

参考例句：

• The usher seated us in the front row.引座员让我们在前排就座。
• They were quickly ushered away.他们被迅速领开。