英语口译须知的历史知识盘点

 　　英语口译须知的历史知识盘点

　　1. 第一位女诗人是：蔡琰(蔡文姬)

　　The first Chinese female poet: Cai Yan,her style name (字) is Wenji

　　2. 第一位女词人是：李清照

　　The first female poet of lyric¹ Chinese poetry Ci: Li Qingzhao，pseudonym Yi’an Jushi (号 易安居士)

　　3. 第一部词典是：尔雅

　　The earliest Chinese dictionary： Erya

　　Chinese scholars interpret the first title character er (尔："you, your") as a phonetic² loan character for the homophonous er (迩： "near; close; approach"), and believe the second ya (雅; "proper; correct; refined; elegant") refers to words or language.

　　尔雅这个名字的传统解释是，尔是“近”的意思，雅是“正统、规范”的意思，指在语音语法词汇方面符合标准。

　　4. 第一部大百科全书是：永乐大典

　　The earliest general encyclopedia：The Yongle Encyclopedia，commissioned by the Chinese Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle in 1403 and completed by 1408. (1403年由明成祖朱棣下令编撰，1408年成书)

　　5. 第一部诗歌总集是：诗经

　　The earliest existing collection of Chinese poems and songs：The Book of Songs / The Classic of Poetry / The Book of Odes

　　6. 第一部文选：昭明文选

　　The first collections of Chinese poetry: Wen Xuan (Selected Literature), also known asZhao Ming Wen Xuan.

　　It was compiled by Xiao Tong, the eldest³ son of Emperor Wu of Liang, and a group of scholars he had assembled. After Xiao Tong’s death he was given the posthumous⁴ name Zhao Ming (outstanding, remarkable)

　　文选由梁朝太子萧统主持编撰，死后谥号昭明。

　　7. 第一部字典：说文解字

　　"Explaining Simple and Analyzing⁵ Compound Characters"，the first Chinese dictionary to analyze⁶ the structure of the characters and to give the rationale behind them, as well as the first to use the principle of organization by sections with shared components⁷, called radicals⁸.

　　说文解字是第一部分析字形结构、给出造字依据的字典，也是第一部按部首编排的字典。

　　8. 第一部神话集：山海经

　　The first collection of mythology⁹： Shan Hai Jing, a fabled¹⁰ geographical¹¹ and cultural account of pre-Qin China.

　　9. 第一部文言志人小说集：世说新语

　　The first book of anecdotes¹² and character sketches¹³ written in classical Chinese: A New Account of the Tales of the World

　　10. 第一部文言志怪小说集：搜神记

　　In Search of the Supernatural：the first compilation¹⁴ of legends, short stories and hearsay¹⁵ concerning spirits, ghosts and other supernatural phenomena¹⁶ written in classical Chinese.

　　11. 第一部纪传体通史：史记

　　The first biographical general history of China: Records of the Grand Historian

　　12. 第一部编年体史书是：春秋

　　The earliest chronicle of China: The Spring and Autumn Annals

　　13. 第一部断代史：汉书

　　The first dynastic history: Book of Han

　　14. 第一部兵书：孙子兵法

　　The earliest Chinese military treatise: The Art of War

1 lyric   

n.抒情诗，歌词；adj.抒情的

参考例句：

• This is a good example of Shelley's lyric poetry.这首诗是雪莱抒情诗的范例。
• His earlier work announced a lyric talent of the first order.他的早期作品显露了一流的抒情才华。

2 phonetic   

adj.语言的，语言上的，表示语音的

参考例句：

• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。
• English phonetic teaching is an important teaching step in elementary stages.语音教学是英语基础阶段重要的教学环节。

3 eldest   

adj.最年长的，最年老的

参考例句：

• The King's eldest son is the heir to the throne.国王的长子是王位的继承人。
• The castle and the land are entailed on the eldest son.城堡和土地限定由长子继承。

4 posthumous   

adj.遗腹的；父亡后出生的；死后的，身后的

参考例句：

• He received a posthumous award for bravery.他表现勇敢，死后受到了嘉奖。
• The legendary actor received a posthumous achievement award.这位传奇男星在过世后获得终身成就奖的肯定。

5 analyzing   

v.分析；分析( analyze的现在分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析n.分析

参考例句：

• Analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据，暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
• He undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然，他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句

6 analyze   

vt.分析，解析 (=analyse)

参考例句：

• We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
• The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。

7 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

8 radicals   

n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 )；根基；基本原理；[数学]根数

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals. 一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The worry is that the radicals will grow more intransigent. 现在人们担忧激进分子会变得更加不妥协。 来自辞典例句

9 mythology   

n.神话，神话学，神话集

参考例句：

• In Greek mythology,Zeus was the ruler of Gods and men.在希腊神话中，宙斯是众神和人类的统治者。
• He is the hero of Greek mythology.他是希腊民间传说中的英雄。

10 fabled   

adj.寓言中的，虚构的

参考例句：

• For the first week he never actually saw the fabled Jack. 第一周他实际上从没见到传说中的杰克。
• Aphrodite, the Greek goddness of love, is fabled to have been born of the foam of the sea. 希腊爱神阿美罗狄蒂据说是诞生于海浪泡沫之中。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

11 geographical   

adj.地理的；地区(性)的

参考例句：

• The current survey will have a wider geographical spread.当前的调查将在更广泛的地域范围內进行。
• These birds have a wide geographical distribution.这些鸟的地理分布很广。

12 anecdotes   

n.掌故，趣闻，轶事( anecdote的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• amusing anecdotes about his brief career as an actor 关于他短暂演员生涯的趣闻逸事
• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman. 他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

13 sketches   

n.草图( sketch的名词复数 )；素描；速写；梗概

参考例句：

• The artist is making sketches for his next painting. 画家正为他的下一幅作品画素描。
• You have to admit that these sketches are true to life. 你得承认这些素描很逼真。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 compilation   

n.编译，编辑

参考例句：

• One of the first steps taken was the compilation of a report.首先采取的步骤之一是写一份报告。
• The compilation of such diagrams,is of lasting value for astronomy.绘制这样的图对天文学有永恒的价值。

15 hearsay   

n.谣传，风闻

参考例句：

• They started to piece the story together from hearsay.他们开始根据传闻把事情的经过一点点拼湊起来。
• You are only supposing this on hearsay.You have no proof.你只是根据传闻想像而已，并没有证据。

16 phenomena   

n.现象

参考例句：

• Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
• The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。