英语美文：如何做一个成功的领导者

 How to be a leader 

如何做一个成功的领导者

[1]Being considered a leader in our society is the ultimate『最高的；极至的』compliment. "Leadership has become the universal vitamin C pill," says psychologist David Campbell of the Center for Creative Leadership in Colorado Springs, Colo. "People seem to want megadoses『大剂量』."

[1] 被人认为是一个领导者在我们社会里是一种非常高的赞誉。科罗拉多州的科罗拉多斯普林斯“创造性领导研究中心”的心理学家戴维·坎贝尔说：“领导能力已成为普遍适用的维他命C.药片，看起来人们想要成千上万片的剂量。”

[2] No wonder. Leadership bestows¹ 『把…赠予；把…给予』 power, commands 『赢得；博得』 respect and, most important, fosters 『促进；培养』 achievement. Unlike vitamins, though, leadership skills can't be easily gulped² 『吞食；吞服』 down. They must be carefully cultivated 『培养；磨炼』 .

[2] 这毫不奇怪。领导能力带来权力，赢得尊重，而最重要的是，它带来成就。但与维他命不同的是，领导能力并不是轻易可吞下去的，它们需要仔细培养。

[3] Contrary to popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They hone 『磨练』 their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they cultivate? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?

[3] 和一般的观念相反，绝大多数出色的领导者是后天选就而不是先天生成的。他们在日常的生活中炼就了他们的技能。

[4] Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity³ that's never forgotten.

[4] 经常赞扬别人。很多领导人物指出，让别人出色工作的最有效的办法是象对待英雄似地对待他们。世界上最好的领导技巧是当有人取得成就时就当众赞扬他们。这也是一种人们永远不会忘记的慷慨行为。

[5] Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive⁴ criticism, which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, co-author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees. "Catch people doing something right!" he says. Then tell everyone about it. The loyalty⁵ you will generate 『产生；导致』 is arguably the most important currency a leader has.

[5] 给予赞扬比即使是最有建设性的批评更有效。这种批评常常会伤害人，而不是帮助人。《一分钟经理》一书的作者之一肯尼思·布兰查德也这样认为：“注意人们做得对的时候，然后把这告诉大家。这样你所引发的忠诚很可能是一个领导者所能拥有的最重要的成功保证。

[6] Take informed risks. "The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise," says management consultant⁶ Marilyn Machlowitz. "Sky divers⁷ don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes 『降落伞』 beforehand."

[6]冒预料中的风险。“最好的领导者都知道冒风险并不是一种鲁莽的行为。”管理顾问玛里琳·马克洛维茨这样说，“跳伞者在没有检查降落伞是否好用之前是不会上飞机的。”

[7] Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us tend to wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail-and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.

[7] 由于冒风险也包含了失败的可能性，我们中很多人就倾向于让人们带头去冒险。但是，如果你想成为一个领导者，你就必须学会失败--但不是一受挫折就躺倒不干，而是跌倒了再爬起来，一切从零开始。

[8] Show the way. In 1965, Lee Ducat was a Philadelphia homemaker with a child who had just been found to have diabetes⁸ 『糖尿病』 . Ducat tried to reach out to other mothers of diabetic kids, but at first no one wanted to talk.

[8] 以身作则。李·杜坎特是费城的一个家庭妇女，1965年，她的一个孩子被确诊为得了糖尿病。杜坎特想和其他有糖尿病孩子的母亲交往。但一开始没有人愿意和她深入交谈。

[9] Finally Ducat managed to find three other mothers willing to share their experience, and from that beginning she went on to found and lead the Juvenile⁹ Diabetes foundation, which currently has 150 chapters worldwide. Ducat also formed and now heads the National disease Research Interchange, which procures¹⁰ human tissues for vital research. Lee Ducat's secret? Being a role model.

[9] 后来，杜坎特终于设法找到了三个愿意彼此分享经历的母亲，自此以后，她再接再励，建立并领导了“青少年糖尿病基金会。”现在该基金会在全世界已有150个分会。杜坎特还建立并领导了“全国疾病研究交流中心”，核中心设法获得供生命研究用的人体组织。杜坎特成功的秘密是什么？身体力行。

[10] "Have you ever noticed that if you smile at people, they smile back?" she asks. "Well, if you're giving, people want to give right back. If you're sure-footed, they want to follow in your footsteps. If you're confident about reaching a goal, others echo that confidence and try to achieve it for you."

[10] 她这样问道：“你是否注意到，如果你向人们微笑，他们也会向你报以微笑吗？”是的。如果你给予别人，别人也会给予你。如果你的步伐坚定，人们就会跟从你。如果你对达到一个目标充满信心，其他人就会同样具有信心并会试着和你一起去实现它。

[11] "The best thing you can do is to get followers¹¹ to mirror your actions by being what you wish them to be."

[11]“你能做的最好的事情是得到这样一些跟随者，他们仿效你的行为，成为你所希望的那种人。”

[12] Keep the faith. Successful leaders often say that if you trust others to do well, they will. If, on the other hand, you believe your people will fail, they will probably meet your expectations as well. Businessman-philanthropist W. Clement¹² Stone suggests that you express your faith in a letter. He says the executive who writes of faith in and commitment to his salespeople¹³ can motivate them to break records; the teacher who writes individual notes of encouragement to students can lead them to extraordinary heights. Having faith in someone gives him self-confidence and pleasure. It may sound corny 『老一套的』 , but the experts agree it works.

[12] 坚持信念。成功的领导者常说，如果你相信别人能干好，他们就会干好。反之，如果你相信你的人会失败，他们可能真的会和你想像的一样失败了。信奉博爱主义的企业家克莱门特·斯通建议你以写信的方式来表达你对别人能获得成功的信念。他说，那些给推销员写信表示信任并给推销员一定的自主权的领导者们，可以鼓励推销员打破他们原有的推销记录：那些给学生写鼓励性评语的教师能够把他们的学生引向非凡的高度。对别人抱有信心能给予他自信和快乐。这可能听起来似乎是陈词滥调，但专家们同意这确是有效的。

[13] Get a compass. People don't follow leaders who lack direction. Estee Lauder, founder¹⁴ of the cosmetics¹⁵ company, has led thousands of employees to great success. She claims that every business leader she knows puts a clear picture of what he wants to achieve in his mind and stays focused on the picture. "People want to follow those who promise-and deliver-success," she says.

[13] 有明确的目标。人们不会跟从那些没有方向感的领导。埃斯蒂·劳德--埃斯蒂· 劳德化妆品公司的创始人引导了她的成千上万的雇员走向巨大的成功。她说，她所知道的每一个商界领导人在心中都有一幅他想要达到的目标的清晰图画，并总是瞄着这一图画。她说：“人们愿意跟从那些许诺成功和带来成功的人。”

[14] Act the part. Good leaders have learned to sound and look like winners. They may sometimes doubt themselves, but they don't show it, says management consultant Paula Bern. They act as if they know where they're going.

[14] 扮演角色。好的领导者都学会了怎样听起来和看起来象个胜利者。他们有时可能也会怀疑自己，但他们并不显露出来，管理顾问葆拉·伯恩说。他们显得好象很清楚自己在走向何方。

[15] Leaders also know that appearance and manners count. They are usually pleasant to be with; their speech is polished 『变得优雅』 , their demeanor¹⁶ 『行为』 unruffled 『沉着的』 and assured.

[15] 领导人物也知道外表和举止很重要。他们常常是和蔼可亲，谈吐文雅，举止稳重，信心十足。

[16] Be competent. Knowledge is power, the saying goes, and the best leaders know that their savvy¹⁷ 『智慧』 and proficiency¹⁸ are part of their charisma¹⁹ 『魅力』 . Competence²⁰ galvanizes 『激起；使振奋』 people, and will make them look to you for guidance and direction.

[16]要有竞争性。常言说，知识就是力量。而最出色的领导人物都知道他们的见多识广和对专业的精通是他们的非凡魅力的一部分。具有竞争性能促进人们向你寻求引导和方向。

1 bestows   

赠给，授予( bestow的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Second, Xie Lingyun bestows on basic subject and emotion connotation. 谢灵运赋的基本主题及情感内涵。
• And the frigid climate bestows Heilongjiang rich resources of ice and snow. 寒冷的气候赋予了其得天独厚的冰雪资源。

2 gulped   

v.狼吞虎咽地吃，吞咽( gulp的过去式和过去分词 )；大口地吸（气）；哽住

参考例句：

• He gulped down the rest of his tea and went out. 他把剩下的茶一饮而尽便出去了。
• She gulped nervously, as if the question bothered her. 她紧张地咽了一下，似乎那问题把她难住了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 generosity   

n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为

参考例句：

• We should match their generosity with our own.我们应该像他们一样慷慨大方。
• We adore them for their generosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨。

4 constructive   

adj.建设的，建设性的

参考例句：

• We welcome constructive criticism.我们乐意接受有建设性的批评。
• He is beginning to deal with his anger in a constructive way.他开始用建设性的方法处理自己的怒气。

5 loyalty   

n.忠诚，忠心

参考例句：

• She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
• His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。

6 consultant   

n.顾问；会诊医师，专科医生

参考例句：

• He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor.他是市长的一个法律顾问。
• Originally,Gar had agreed to come up as a consultant.原来，加尔只答应来充当我们的顾问。

7 divers   

adj.不同的；种种的

参考例句：

• He chose divers of them,who were asked to accompany him.他选择他们当中的几个人，要他们和他作伴。
• Two divers work together while a standby diver remains on the surface.两名潜水员协同工作，同时有一名候补潜水员留在水面上。

8 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

9 juvenile   

n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的

参考例句：

• For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人，他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
• Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。

10 procures   

v.（努力）取得， （设法）获得( procure的第三人称单数 )；拉皮条

参考例句：

• No doubt, it is his wife who procures his death. 毫不疑问，是他的妻子促成他的死亡。 来自辞典例句
• The Marine Department designs, procures and maintains all government vessels. 海事处负责设计、采购和维修所有政府船舶。 来自互联网

11 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

12 clement   

adj.仁慈的；温和的

参考例句：

• A clement judge reduced his sentence.一位仁慈的法官为他减了刑。
• The planet's history contains many less stable and clement eras than the holocene.地球的历史包含着许多不如全新世稳定与温和的地质时期。

13 salespeople   

n.售货员，店员；售货员( salesperson的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The shop usually employs additional salespeople for the Christmas toy trade. 这家商店通常雇一些临时售货员来做圣诞节玩具生意。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Under our new system, salespeople sit down with each of our dealers. 根据新的制度，销售人员应逐个地同承销商洽商。 来自辞典例句

14 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

15 cosmetics   

n.化妆品

参考例句：

• We sell a wide range of cosmetics at a very reasonable price. 我们以公道的价格出售各种化妆品。
• Cosmetics do not always cover up the deficiencies of nature. 化妆品未能掩饰天生的缺陷。

16 demeanor   

n.行为；风度

参考例句：

• She is quiet in her demeanor.她举止文静。
• The old soldier never lost his military demeanor.那个老军人从来没有失去军人风度。

17 savvy   

v.知道，了解；n.理解能力，机智，悟性；adj.有见识的，懂实际知识的，通情达理的

参考例句：

• She was a pretty savvy woman.她是个见过世面的漂亮女人。
• Where's your savvy?你的常识到哪里去了？

18 proficiency   

n.精通，熟练，精练

参考例句：

• He plied his trade and gained proficiency in it.他勤习手艺，技术渐渐达到了十分娴熟的地步。
• How do you think of your proficiency in written and spoken English?你认为你的书面英语和口语熟练程度如何？

19 charisma   

n.(大众爱戴的)领袖气质，魅力

参考例句：

• He has enormous charisma. He is a giant of a man.他有超凡的个人魅力，是个伟人。
• I don't have the charisma to pull a crowd this size.我没有那么大的魅力，能吸引这么多人。

20 competence   

n.能力，胜任，称职

参考例句：

• This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
• These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。