预防癌症的7种方法

 　　1. Get the Aspirin¹ Advantage

　　One of the greatest things you can do for your health is something you can do in literally² half a second. If that's not incentive³, we don't know what is. A half a second a day can translate into extra years of life.

　　Taking 162 milligrams of aspirin a day (that is two baby aspirins or half a regular, and do take with half a glass of warm water before and after) can decrease the risk of getting colon⁴ cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer all by 40 percent. (And it probably decreases the risk of stomach, throat, and several other cancers as well.)

　　Aspirin provides this through the reduction of inflammation throughout the body, although other cell repair mechanisms⁵ may be active as well. We know aspirin has side effects, but the benefitsa younger arterial system and decreased risk of at least four big cancersoften outweigh⁶ the risks. So discuss with your doc whether it's worth it to you.

　　2. Fortify⁷ Yourself with D

　　Vitamin D decreases the risk of cancer, perhaps because it's toxic⁸ to cancer cells. The other theory is that D bolsters⁹ the ability of the guard dog p53 gene¹⁰ to spot cancerous cells and kill them. Most Americans don't get enough D because we're indoors most of the time, and when we're outdoors, we're wearing sunscreen.

　　We recommend getting 800 international units a day if you're younger than 60 and 1,000 international units if you're over 60. You can do it through supplements or food (though you probably won't get more than 300 or so international units through food alone, so supplementation is smart.) Getting some sunlight (as long as you are careful not to get too much) is also protective.

　　You cannot get enough sun in most of the United States and Canada between October 1 and April 15 to turn inactive vitamin D into active vitamin D. So we recommend you get insurance D in foods supplemented with vitamin D3 or in supplements. Don't get more than 2,000 international units a day.

　　3. Protect Your Liver

　　Since your liver is your main detox organ, you're smart to keep it performing at its best. Certain foods and supplements can help improve liver function and have anti-cancer properties.

　　Liver detox systems are enhanced by broccoli¹¹ sprouts¹², seaweed and dark greens and are proven to reduce risk in the occurrence of cancer at various sites, including the prostate, lung, breast and colon. How? These cruciferous vegetables rev¹³ up detoxifying enzymes¹⁴ at the genetic¹⁵ level. Other things that have been shown to improve liver health include choline (which can be found in these cruciferous vegetables), as well as N-acetyl cysteine (600 milligrams per day), milk thistle (200 milligrams per day), lecithin (1 tablespoon daily), and rosemary extract (150 milligrams per day).

　　4. B Protected

　　Research shows that a deficiency of folate, part of the B complex of vitamins, is linked to cancer. Folate supplementation decreases colon cancer rates by 20 to 50 percent, but more than 50 percent of Americans don't even get the recommended amount, and 90 percent don't get the amount that seems to reduce colon cancer (800 micrograms a day).

　　Lots of foods like spinach¹⁶, tomatoes, and orange juice contain folate, but it's absorbed less well than folic acid from supplements. The average intake¹⁷ of folate through food is 275 to 375 micrograms, so you need a supplement of about 400 micrograms to reduce your risk of cancer. That's especially important if you're allowing sun exposure to deplete¹⁸ your folate levels, which happens when you get more than 20 minutes of exposure to the sun a day. Be sure to add B6 and crystalline B12.

　　5. Get Sauced

　　As if your grandmother's spaghetti sauce recipe weren't enough incentive. Studies show that the risk of developing certain cancers decreases when you eat 10 or more tablespoons a week of tomato sauce.

　　Many believe that the active ingredient responsible is lycopene, a carotenoid known for its antioxidant properties. All tomato products contain lots of lycopene, but it's more available to your body when it's cooked. While you're at it, add some cruciferous vegetables like broccoli to your sauce. They contain chemicals that prevent cancer.

　　6. Oil On

　　In a test of olive oils, researchers found anticarcinogenic properties in monounsaturated fat. That would mean that olive oil, rich in monounsaturated fat, is not only a heart helper but may also deter¹⁹ cancer. That helps explain why, compared to northern Europeans, southern Europeans, whose diets tend to overflow²⁰ with the oil, have lower rates of both heart disease and cancer.

　　7. Tea it Up

　　Green tea has been shown to have the highest content of polyphenols, which are chemicals with potent²¹ antioxidant properties (believed to be greater than even vitamin C). They give tea its bitter flavor. Because green tea leaves are young and have not been oxidized, green tea has up to 40 percent polyphenols, while black tea only contains about 10 percent.

　　Another interesting note: Green tea has a third the caffeine of black tea. Even better, it's been shown to yield the same level of excitement and attentiveness²², but in more even levels than the ups and downs associated with other caffeinated drinks. Just don't drink milk with it; the casein in milk has been shown to inhibit²³ the beneficial effects of tea.

1 aspirin   

n.阿司匹林

参考例句：

• The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。
• She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店，买了些阿司匹林。

2 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

3 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

4 colon   

n.冒号，结肠，直肠

参考例句：

• Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样，应当在冒号后加破折号。
• The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。

5 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 outweigh   

vt.比...更重，...更重要

参考例句：

• The merits of your plan outweigh the defects.你制定的计划其优点胜过缺点。
• One's merits outweigh one's short-comings.功大于过。

7 fortify   

v.强化防御，为…设防；加强，强化

参考例句：

• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
• This treaty forbade the United States to fortify the canal.此条约禁止美国对运河设防。

8 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

9 bolsters   

n.长枕( bolster的名词复数 )；垫子；衬垫；支持物v.支持( bolster的第三人称单数 )；支撑；给予必要的支持；援助

参考例句：

• He used a couple of bolsters to elevate his head. 他用两个垫枕垫头。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The double-row piles with both inclined and horizontal bolsters also analyzed in consideration of staged excavation. 本文亦分析了考虑开挖过程的安置斜撑与带支撑的双排桩支护结构。 来自互联网

10 gene   

n.遗传因子，基因

参考例句：

• A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
• The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

11 broccoli   

n.绿菜花，花椰菜

参考例句：

• She grew all the broccoli plants from seed.这些花椰菜都是她用种子培育出来的。
• They think broccoli is only green and cauliflower is only white.他们认为西兰花只有绿色的，而菜花都是白色的。

12 sprouts   

n.新芽，嫩枝( sprout的名词复数 )v.发芽( sprout的第三人称单数 )；抽芽；出现；（使）涌现出

参考例句：

• The wheat sprouts grew perceptibly after the rain. 下了一场雨，麦苗立刻见长。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The sprouts have pushed up the earth. 嫩芽把土顶起来了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

13 rev   

v.发动机旋转，加快速度

参考例句：

• It's his job to rev up the audience before the show starts.他要负责在表演开始前鼓动观众的热情。
• Don't rev the engine so hard.别让发动机转得太快。

14 enzymes   

n. 酶，酵素

参考例句：

• It was said that washing powders containing enzymes remove stains more efficiently. 据说加酶洗衣粉除污更有效。
• Among the enzymes which are particularly effective are pepsin, papain. 在酶当中特别有效的是胃朊酶、木瓜酶。

15 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

16 spinach   

n.菠菜

参考例句：

• Eating spinach is supposed to make you strong.据说吃菠菜能使人强壮。
• You should eat such vegetables as carrot,celery and spinach.你应该吃胡萝卜、芹菜和菠菜这类的蔬菜。

17 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

18 deplete   

v.弄空，排除，减轻，减少...体液，放去...的血

参考例句：

• Most native mammal species have been severely depleted.大多数本地哺乳动物的数量都已经大大减少了。
• Elastic collisions deplete very little of the electron's energy.弹性碰撞中电子减少的能量非常少。

19 deter   

vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住

参考例句：

• Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
• Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。

20 overflow   

v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出；溢出，流出，漫出

参考例句：

• The overflow from the bath ran on to the floor.浴缸里的水溢到了地板上。
• After a long period of rain,the river may overflow its banks.长时间的下雨天后，河水可能溢出岸来。

21 potent   

adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的

参考例句：

• The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
• We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。

22 attentiveness   

[医]注意

参考例句：

• They all helped one another with humourous attentiveness. 他们带着近于滑稽的殷勤互相周旋。 来自辞典例句
• Is not attentiveness the nature of, even the function of, Conscious? 专注不正是大我意识的本质甚或活动吗？ 来自互联网

23 inhibit   

vt.阻止，妨碍，抑制

参考例句：

• Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。
• They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。