英语 英语 日语 日语 韩语 韩语 法语 法语 德语 德语 西班牙语 西班牙语 意大利语 意大利语 阿拉伯语 阿拉伯语 葡萄牙语 葡萄牙语 越南语 越南语 俄语 俄语 芬兰语 芬兰语 泰语 泰语 泰语 丹麦语 泰语 对外汉语

珍藏贴:5个策略让你在考试写作中获得高分

时间:2017-06-04 02:42来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
特别声明:本栏目内容均从网络收集或者网友提供,供仅参考试用,我们无法保证内容完整和正确。如果资料损害了您的权益,请与站长联系,我们将及时删除并致以歉意。
    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   Whether you're sitting down to write a research paper for English class about Buddha1 or you're hours deep in the writing portion of SAT, you want to write a great essay. And although different people have different notions about what makes an essay truly "great," there are a number of things that educators and writers generally agree upon as gold-quality standards. Here are three of those qualities that can take your essay from basic to fabulous2.

  不管你是坐下来准备写一篇英语课上有关佛陀的研究报告,还是深思怎样完成入学考试的作文部分,你都会想要写得一手好文章。虽然不同的人对于优秀的文章有不同的观念,但是也有许多教育家和作家公认的黄金标准。这里有三个品质,是你的作文从普通向出色进步时需要具备的。
  1. Language
  语言文字
  The usage of language in an essay is more than j4ust the actual words you use throughout. Things like sentence structure, stylistic choices, levels of formality, grammar, usage, and mechanics all come into play.
  在一篇文章中,语言文字的使用不仅仅是你在全篇所使用的词语,句子结构、文体选择、不同的形式、语法、用法、文字处理等都可以发挥作用。
  Good Language
  好的文字
  Good language in an essay is merely adequate. It's basic. There's nothing inherently wrong with your language, but there's nothing exceptional about it, either.
  文章中好的语言文字只能说是差强人意,它应该作为基本的要求。可能你的语言没有什么内在的问题,但也可能没有什么新意了。
  Good essay language means you're using some variety in your sentence structures. For instance, you may write a few simple sentences interspersed3 with some compound sentences. Your level of formality and tone are also appropriate to the essay. You're not using familiar language and slang, for example, when you're writing a research report in class. Good language in an essay does not disrupt your thesis. Your point gets across and that's all well and fine if you're happy with a good essay.
  好的文章语言意味着你使用了不同种类的句子结构。例如,你可能会将一些简单句和复合句结合起来使用。你的文章形式和语气也要适合整篇文章,而不是一味使用自己熟悉的语言和俚语。比如说,当你在班里写一篇研究报告时,好的语言不会干扰到你的论点。如果你对一篇好文章满意,那么这篇文章肯定能够把你的论点讲清楚。
  Example: When Jack4 walked into his grandmother's kitchen, he spotted5 the freshly baked cake on the counter. He helped himself to a huge piece. It was chocolate, and the frosting was a delicious vanilla6 buttercream. He licked his lips and took a gigantic bite.
  例子:当杰克走进奶奶的厨房时,他发现了柜台上刚烘焙好的蛋糕,就给自己弄了一大块。蛋糕是巧克力的,上面的奶霜还是香草奶油的。他舔舔嘴唇,咬了好大一口。
  Great Language
  优秀的语言文字
  Great language is fresh, full of sensory7 detail when appropriate and propels your essay forward in invigorating ways. Great language uses a variety of sentence structures and even some intentional8 fragments when appropriate. Your tone isn't merely adequate; it enhances your argument or point.
  优秀的语言文字就是在你将文章内容向前推进时,使用充满活力和感官细节的语言。优秀的语言使用多种句子结构,甚至在合适的时候故意分段。语气的使用不应该仅仅差强人意,它可以作为你的论点或论据。
  Your language is precise. It's chosen specifically to add nuance9 or shades of meaning. The sensory details you select pull your readers in, giving them goosebumps, and make them want to keep on reading. Great language makes readers take what you've said very seriously.
  语言文字要精确。要用心地选择语言文字来增加一些细微差别或语义色彩,你选择的感官细节要能使读者身临其境,让他们起鸡皮疙瘩,有读下去的欲望。优秀的语言文字能使读者认真对待你表达的内容。
  Example: Jack stepped over the threshold of his grandmother's kitchen and inhaled10. Chocolate cake. His stomach rumbled11. He walked to the counter, mouth watering, and took a rose-pattered china plate from the cabinet and a bread knife from the drawer. The slice he sawed off was enough for three. The first bite of rich vanilla buttercream made his jaw12 ache. Before he knew it, nothing was left but chocolate crumbs13 scattered14 on the plate like confetti.
  例子: 杰克一踏进奶奶厨房的门槛就被吸引住了,那是一块巧克力蛋糕。他的肚子也叫了起来,走进柜台,杰克的口水都流了出来,他从橱柜里拿出一个玫瑰图案的瓷盘,又从抽屉里拿出一把切蛋糕用的刀。他切了三人量的一大块,第一口就咬到了满满的香草奶油,使他食欲大开。在他缓过神来之前,盘子里就只剩下巧克力碎末。
  2. Analysis
  分析
  Teachers are always asking you to "dig deep" in your essay, but what does that really mean? Depth is the level at which you analyze15 the topic you are writing. The deeper you dive into your essay, the more poking16 and prodding17 at values, tensions, complexities18, and assumptions you will do.
  老师们总是让你“深入发掘”自己的文章,但这到底是什么意思呢?深度就是你分析文章主题的层次。你对自己文章发掘得越深,你就会发现更多价值观、冲突、复杂性和设想。
  Good Analysis
  好的分析
  The word "analysis" in and of itself implies a certain level of depth. A good analysis will use reasoning and examples that are clear and adequately demonstrate the importance of the topic. Support may be relevant, but it may come across as overly general or simplistic. You will have scratched the surface of the topic, but you will not have explored as many of the complexities as you could have.
  “分析”一词本身就暗含有一定的深度。好的分析会使用清晰并能论证主题的推理和例子。支持也许是相关的,但也可能会显得过于宽泛或简单化。你可能已经触及到了主题,但你不能像那些复杂的例子一样进行深入探索。
  Let's take, for example, this question: "Should cyberbullying be stopped by the government?"
  我们以这个问题为例子:“政府应该杜绝网络暴力吗?”
  Example: Cyberbullying needs to be stopped in its tracksby the government because of the harm that it causes to the victim. Teenagers who have been bullied20 online have had to be treated for depression, have felt compelled to change schools, and some have even committed suicide. A person's life is too important not to intervene.
  例子:政府需要阻止网络暴力的发展,因为它会有导致自杀的危害。遭受网络暴力的会在情绪上感到低落,被迫转学,有些人甚至会自杀。人的生命何其珍贵,故政府应干涉。
  Great Analysis
  优秀的分析
  A great analysis of a topic is a thoughtful critique that demonstrates insight. It critiques assumptions and details not hinted at in just a good analysis. In the example above, the good analysis mentions the harm to a victim of bullying19 and names three things that could happen to him or her because of it, but doesn't get into other areas that might offer more insight like societal values, governmental control, effects rippling21 from one generation to the next, for example.
  优秀的分析是对深入剖析思考后的批评。它对那些没有进行好好分析的设想和细节进行了批评。在上面的例子中,好的分析提到了暴力会导致自杀的危害,并且举出了三件由可能会发生在别人身上的事,但却并没有涉及一些会引发思考的领域,例如社会价值观、政府调控、对下一代人的影响。
  Example: Although cyberbullying needs to be stopped - the effects are to dire22 not to intervene - the government cannot be the entity23 to regulate speech online. The fiscal24 and personal costs would be staggering. Not only would citizens be forced to give up their First Amendment25 rights to free speech, they would have to relinquish26 their rights to privacy, as well. The government would be everywhere,becoming even more of a "big brother" than they are right now. Who would pay for such scrutiny27? Citizens would pay with their freedom and their wallets.
  例子:虽然网络暴力需要被杜绝,它的后果太可怕,需要进行干涉。但政府不能从本质上控制网络发言,那样财政和个人的开销都会十分巨大。不仅公民们的放弃第一修正案所赋予的自由发言权,他们还得放弃隐私权。政府就会变成一个无所不在的“老大哥”。谁会为这些监控买单呢?公民会牺牲掉他们的自由和钱包。
  3. Organization
  组织
  Organization can quite literally28 make or break your essay. If a reader doesn't understand how you've gotten from point A to point B because none of your dots seem to connect, then he or she won't be compelled to read any further. And more importantly, he or she will not have listened to what you have had to say. And that's the biggest problem there is.
  组织可以在字面上对你的文章进行创作或破坏。如果读者因为没有句点而无法理解你是怎样从A观点切换到B观点,就不会深入阅读下去。更重要的是,读者不会听你讲的内容。这就是最大的问题。
  Good Organization
  好的结构
  A standard five-paragraph essay structure is what most students use when they write essays. They start with an introductory paragraphending with a thesis sentence. They move on to body paragraph one with a topic sentence, and then proceed, with a few scattered transitions, to body paragraphs two and three. They round out their essay with a conclusion that neatly29 restates the thesis and ends with a question or a challenge. Sound about right? If this sounds like every essay you've ever written, then you can be sure you're not alone. It's a perfectly30 adequate structure for a basic essay.
  标准的五个段落构成的文章结构是学生们在写作文时用得最多的。他们以介绍段开头,以主题句结尾。他们以主题句过渡到第一个主体段落,然后用一些过渡语继续下文,展开第二个和第三个主体段落。他们采用问题式或挑战式的结尾,并重申了论点。是这样的吧?如果你也是这样写文章,你就可以确定自己也属于这一类了。对于基本的文章来说,这是一种非常合适的结构。
  Example:
  1. Introduction with thesis
  2. Body paragraph one
  ?Support one
  ?Support two
  ?Support three
  例子:
  1.带有论点的介绍
  2.主体段落一
  佐证一
  佐证二
  佐证三
  3. Body paragraph two
  ?Support one
  ?Support two
  ?Support three
  主体段落二
  佐证一
  佐证二
  佐证三
  4. Body paragraph three
  ?Support one
  ?Support two
  ?Support three
  主体段落三
  佐证一
  佐证二
  佐证三
  5. Conclusion with restated thesis
  以重申论点结尾
  Great Organization
  优秀的结构
  Great organization tends to move beyond just simple supports and basic transitions. Ideas will progress logically and increase the arguments success. Transitions within and between paragraphs will strengthen the argument and heighten meaning. If you start out organizing your essay strategically, with room for analysis and counterarguments built in, your chances of building a great essay improve by quite a bit. And some students find it easier to get more in depth by writing a four-paragraph essay instead of five. You can engaged more with a particular topic in the body paragraphs if you knock out your weakest argument and focus instead on providing a deeper, more thoughtful analysis with just two.
  优秀的结构常常跳出了简单的佐证和基本的过渡。观点会按照逻辑推进,并逐步完成论证。段落内部或之间的过渡可以加强论证,使意义表达更明显。如果你开始组织自己的文章,就要留出空间进行分析和辩论,这样你写出一篇好文章的可能性就会大大增加。一些学生发现,比起五段文章,四段文章能够更加简单地进行深入发掘。如果你去掉了最薄弱的论证,将尽力集中在用两个段落进行更深入的分析,就可以在主体段落更多地对特定的主题进行探讨。
  Example:
  1. Introduction with thesis
  2. Body paragraph one
  Support one with detailed31 analysis
  Support two that addresses values, complexities and assumptions
  Counterpoint and dismissal of the counterpoint
  例子:
  1.包含论点的介绍
  主体段一
  含详细分析的佐证一
  对价值观、复杂事物和设想进行讨论的佐证二
  对应物的使用
  3.Body paragraph two
  ?Support one with detailed analysis
  ?Support two that addresses values, complexities and assumptions
  ?Counterpoint and dismissal of the counterpoint
  3.主体段二
  含详细分析的佐证一
  对价值观、复杂事物和设想进行讨论的佐证二
  对应物的使用
  4. Conclusion with restated thesis and option for better idea
  重申论点、完善观点的结尾
  Writing Great Essays
  优秀的文章
  If your goal is to move forward out of mediocrity, then spend some time learning the basics of great essay writing. After that, pick up your pencil or paper and practice. Nothing will prepare you better for your next essay then writing strategically-organized, well-analyzed, and carefully-worded paragraphs when the pressure isn't on.
  如果你的目的是写出不一般的好文章,就要花时间学习优秀文章写作的基本要素。之后,就要拿起笔或纸开始写作。你不能确保下一篇文章就一定能写得更好,所以就要在没有压力的时候有条理地写作,认真分析并斟酌每个词。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 Buddha 9x1z0O     
n.佛;佛像;佛陀
参考例句:
  • Several women knelt down before the statue of Buddha and prayed.几个妇女跪在佛像前祈祷。
  • He has kept the figure of Buddha for luck.为了图吉利他一直保存着这尊佛像。
2 fabulous ch6zI     
adj.极好的;极为巨大的;寓言中的,传说中的
参考例句:
  • We had a fabulous time at the party.我们在晚会上玩得很痛快。
  • This is a fabulous sum of money.这是一笔巨款。
3 interspersed c7b23dadfc0bbd920c645320dfc91f93     
adj.[医]散开的;点缀的v.intersperse的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
  • The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers. 草地上点缀着许多花坛。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
4 jack 53Hxp     
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克
参考例句:
  • I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
  • He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。
5 spotted 7FEyj     
adj.有斑点的,斑纹的,弄污了的
参考例句:
  • The milkman selected the spotted cows,from among a herd of two hundred.牛奶商从一群200头牛中选出有斑点的牛。
  • Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.山姆的商店屯积了有斑点的短袜。
6 vanilla EKNzT     
n.香子兰,香草
参考例句:
  • He used to love milk flavoured with vanilla.他过去常爱喝带香草味的牛奶。
  • I added a dollop of vanilla ice-cream to the pie.我在馅饼里加了一块香草冰激凌。
7 sensory Azlwe     
adj.知觉的,感觉的,知觉器官的
参考例句:
  • Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。
  • The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。
8 intentional 65Axb     
adj.故意的,有意(识)的
参考例句:
  • Let me assure you that it was not intentional.我向你保证那不是故意的。
  • His insult was intentional.他的侮辱是有意的。
9 nuance Xvtyh     
n.(意义、意见、颜色)细微差别
参考例句:
  • These users will easily learn each nuance of the applications they use.这些用户会很快了解他们所使用程序的每一细微差别。
  • I wish I hadn't become so conscious of every little nuance.我希望我不要变得这样去思索一切琐碎之事。
10 inhaled 1072d9232d676d367b2f48410158ae32     
v.吸入( inhale的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • She closed her eyes and inhaled deeply. 她合上双眼,深深吸了一口气。
  • Janet inhaled sharply when she saw him. 珍妮特看到他时猛地吸了口气。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 rumbled e155775f10a34eef1cb1235a085c6253     
发出隆隆声,发出辘辘声( rumble的过去式和过去分词 ); 轰鸣着缓慢行进; 发现…的真相; 看穿(阴谋)
参考例句:
  • The machine rumbled as it started up. 机器轰鸣着发动起来。
  • Things rapidly became calm, though beneath the surface the argument rumbled on. 事情迅速平静下来了,然而,在这种平静的表面背后争论如隆隆雷声,持续不断。
12 jaw 5xgy9     
n.颚,颌,说教,流言蜚语;v.喋喋不休,教训
参考例句:
  • He delivered a right hook to his opponent's jaw.他给了对方下巴一记右钩拳。
  • A strong square jaw is a sign of firm character.强健的方下巴是刚毅性格的标志。
13 crumbs crumbs     
int. (表示惊讶)哎呀 n. 碎屑 名词crumb的复数形式
参考例句:
  • She stood up and brushed the crumbs from her sweater. 她站起身掸掉了毛衣上的面包屑。
  • Oh crumbs! Is that the time? 啊,天哪!都这会儿啦?
14 scattered 7jgzKF     
adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的
参考例句:
  • Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来,塞进文件夹里。
15 analyze RwUzm     
vt.分析,解析 (=analyse)
参考例句:
  • We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
  • The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。
16 poking poking     
n. 刺,戳,袋 vt. 拨开,刺,戳 vi. 戳,刺,捅,搜索,伸出,行动散慢
参考例句:
  • He was poking at the rubbish with his stick. 他正用手杖拨动垃圾。
  • He spent his weekends poking around dusty old bookshops. 他周末都泡在布满尘埃的旧书店里。
17 prodding 9b15bc515206c1e6f0559445c7a4a109     
v.刺,戳( prod的现在分词 );刺激;促使;(用手指或尖物)戳
参考例句:
  • He needed no prodding. 他不用督促。
  • The boy is prodding the animal with a needle. 那男孩正用一根针刺那动物。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
18 complexities b217e6f6e3d61b3dd560522457376e61     
复杂性(complexity的名词复数); 复杂的事物
参考例句:
  • The complexities of life bothered him. 生活的复杂使他困惑。
  • The complexities of life bothered me. 生活的杂乱事儿使我心烦。
19 bullying f23dd48b95ce083d3774838a76074f5f     
v.恐吓,威逼( bully的现在分词 );豪;跋扈
参考例句:
  • Many cases of bullying go unreported . 很多恐吓案件都没有人告发。
  • All cases of bullying will be severely dealt with. 所有以大欺小的情况都将受到严肃处理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
20 bullied 2225065183ebf4326f236cf6e2003ccc     
adj.被欺负了v.恐吓,威逼( bully的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • My son is being bullied at school. 我儿子在学校里受欺负。
  • The boy bullied the small girl into giving him all her money. 那男孩威逼那个小女孩把所有的钱都给他。 来自《简明英汉词典》
21 rippling b84b2d05914b2749622963c1ef058ed5     
起涟漪的,潺潺流水般声音的
参考例句:
  • I could see the dawn breeze rippling the shining water. 我能看见黎明的微风在波光粼粼的水面上吹出道道涟漪。
  • The pool rippling was caused by the waving of the reeds. 池塘里的潺潺声是芦苇摇动时引起的。
22 dire llUz9     
adj.可怕的,悲惨的,阴惨的,极端的
参考例句:
  • There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV.曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
  • We were indeed in dire straits.But we pulled through.那时我们的困难真是大极了,但是我们渡过了困难。
23 entity vo8xl     
n.实体,独立存在体,实际存在物
参考例句:
  • The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
  • As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体,公司必须纳税。
24 fiscal agbzf     
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的
参考例句:
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
25 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正,修正,改善,修正案
参考例句:
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
26 relinquish 4Bazt     
v.放弃,撤回,让与,放手
参考例句:
  • He was forced to relinquish control of the company.他被迫放弃公司的掌控权。
  • They will never voluntarily relinquish their independence.他们绝对不会自动放弃独立。
27 scrutiny ZDgz6     
n.详细检查,仔细观察
参考例句:
  • His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好,但是经不起仔细检查。
  • Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。
28 literally 28Wzv     
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
参考例句:
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
29 neatly ynZzBp     
adv.整洁地,干净地,灵巧地,熟练地
参考例句:
  • Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
  • The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。
30 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
31 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交,仅供参考,部分栏目没有内容,如果您有更合适的内容,欢迎点击提交分享给大家。
------分隔线----------------------------
TAG标签:   写作
顶一下
(0)
0%
踩一下
(0)
0%
最新评论 查看所有评论
发表评论 查看所有评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:
听力搜索
推荐频道
论坛新贴