新概念英语85年上外美音版第四册 第28课

（单词翻译）

　　Lesson 28 Countryman's Creed¹ 乡下人的信条
No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight; the varieties are infinite, but two classes may be roughly seen. Any ship that crosses the pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel² for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing. The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards³, as well as in the line of its course are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance⁴ and progress. The albatross is the king of the gliders⁵, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition⁶. In the contrary school the duck is supreme⁷. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has 'conquered' the air, as he boasts. Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply⁸ the short wings with irresistible⁹ power that they can bore for long distances through an opposite gale¹⁰ before exhaustion¹¹ follows. Their humbler followers¹³, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire. You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey. The swallow shares the virtues¹⁴ of both schools in highest measure. It tires not nor does it boast of its power; but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home feeding its flown young as it flies and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse¹⁵. Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens¹⁶ from their flight on this side and that, and even the most superstitious¹⁷ villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie¹⁸ and wish it good-morning.
infinite  a.  无穷的，无限的
infinitive  n.  不定式
A: finite  a.  有限的；measurable  a.  可测量的
S: fathomless  a.  深不可测的; fathom  n.  长度单位，旬；v.  测量深度
immeasurable  a.  可测量的 另有：endless / boundless… infinite power /energy
albatross  n.  信天翁  white seabird
direct  vt.  指向
Eg: He directed me the way to success. （他给我指明了成功之路。）
Can you direct me to NOS? director  导演
sustenance  n.  支撑力 sustain  v.
Eg: The tree can’t sustain its branches. （这棵树支撑不了它的枝干了。）
He has a big family to sustain. (他要养活一大家子人。)
sustainable  a.  sustainable development strategy 可持续发展战略
glider  n.  滑翔者
harness  vt.  利用(formal)
S: use / make use of / utilize¹⁹ / exploit
harness solar energy  利用太阳能
to yield to  顺着，屈服于
Eg: He yields to persuasion²⁰ / despair / temptation.
S: submit to / give in to / surrender to
Eg: Turtle submit to all kind of indignities²¹.
school  n.  类，群，队
多指sea animal / fish / shoal  school  流派；schools of thought  思想流派
one hundred flowers blossom and one hundred schools contend. 百花齐放，百家争鸣
boast  vi.  自夸
endow  vt.  赋有
be endowed with  Eg: He is endowed with gift/talent/power/strength/courage.
ply  v.  不断地供给
bore  vi.  穿越 to bore through the air. 穿越大气层
gale  n.  大风
exhaustion  n.  精疲力竭
Eg: I am exhausted²². / I am dead tired. / I am dog tired.
S: worn out / spend / waste / drained
humbler  a.  较低级的
原型：humble¹²
Eg: I am a humble person.
He is humble before his boss.
源于umble(French): the meat of dear
eat umble pie = eat humble pie (狩猎后供仆人吃的)内脏做的煎馅饼
S: lick the dust  卑躬屈膝
Eg: He eat humble pie. 他忍辱负重。
S: inferior  a. 下等的  Inferior to sb.
partridge  n.  鹧鸪
utter  a.  完全的
Eg: He is an utter liar²³.  他纯粹是个骗子。
utterance  口头语；sentence  书面语
S: completely / sheer
share  vt.  有
flown  a.  刚出巢的 fly / flew / flown
Eg: I am flown.  我还是新手。
S: fledging
slip  vi.  滑行
adverse  adj. 逆的，相反的
adverse wind  逆风；A: favorable wind  顺风  S: unfavorable wind
Eg: I went home with adverse wind.
adverse environment = adversity  n.  逆境 Eg: Adversity makes a man.  逆境出人才。
adversary  n.  对手 creed  n.  信仰
No two…此句：
No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight；= There are no two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of flight
practise flight = fly
practise flight  飞行；practise law  当律师；practise medicine  当医生
Eg: No two birds fly in the same way.
No two man are the same.
varieties：kinds
two classes may be roughly seen (passive) = we can see roughly two kinds
Any ship…此句：
accompanied ：followed
keep company  与……为伴  Eg: I keep company with him.
vessel ：big ship
原意：sth. to hold water  without more than occasional = occasional
The currents…此句： The currents … of its course
整个句子做主语
currents  气流
walls of the ship  船舷
direct  导向
as well as  与upwards并列  in the line  沿着某条线走
its course
its 指代currents of air； course  航程
are enough to give great bird ：albatross with its immense wings…做后置定语，修饰 bird
The albatross…此句：
Eg: Lion is the king of beast.
同位语从句：the class of fliers…
yield to  屈服 opposition  逆风
In the…此句：
supreme  首屈一指 roast duck  烤鸭
It comes…此句：
comes nearer to ：similar to  plane / gravity
Ducks…此句：
good part ：bid / important part
irresistible power  无尽的力量
bore…through  穿越 opposite gale  逆风
before exhaustion follows  直到最后精疲力竭
Eg: I work before darkness comes / exhausted.
until its dark…  直到……为止
Their humbler…此句：
前两类鸟飞别为：albatross，Ducks；第三类鸟为：their humbler followers：partridges
like power
like 的词性可以为 prep. / v. / adj.  此处位adj.
S: similar / alike (可做表语)
Eg: They have alike appearance. (错)  They have similar apperance.
propulsion / propel ：to push / propeller²⁴ / rocket
You may…此句：
in utter exhaustion  在完全疲惫的状态 (介词短语)
When they are utterly²⁵ exhausted （时间状语）
Eg: We have to undertake a hard journey in seeking truth.
We have to undertake a hard journey when we try to seek truth.
The swallow…此句：
swallow  燕子
virtues ：good points / merits / advantages
in highest measure / to the highest degree  最大程度的
in a measure / in some measure / to some degree  在某种程度上
Eg: He resembles his mother in a / some / highest measure.
It tires not…此句：
tires not (古英语用法) = does not tire
Eg: I work not. = I don’t work.
boast  夸耀
travelling…伴随状态
travel…to / travel…from / travel to and from
it may be  做插入语，“也许”
feeding  喂养
slipping
travelling / feeding / slipping  并列结构，表示伴随状态
medium ：layer of air  大气层
passage  通过
the passage of time  时光流逝
do us good  对我们有好处
insect killer²⁶ / locust²⁷ 蝗虫 / cicada 蝉 / grasshopper²⁸ 蚂蚱
omens  征兆
predication
superstitious  迷信的
magpie  喜鹊
Eg: He is a magpie.  他什么都舍不得扔。
P.S.
crow  乌鸦
Eg: He is a crow.  他特罗嗦。
wild geese  大雁
swan  天鹅 / swan lake  天鹅湖
goose  雌鹅 /  gander  雄鹅