Medieval siege 中世纪攻城战-1

（单词翻译）

Knights¹ in shining armor, charging each other in great pitched battles, that is the popular view of warfare² in the Middle Ages. In reality, most medieval conflicts involved the attacking of castles, and mounted knights were not much use against stone walls. A siege against a castle could take weeks, even months. The attacking army pitted against a well-defended garrison³ within. By the end of the 13th century, the science of defensive⁴ architecture had reached a peak. Stone walls were built thicker and taller than ever before, and archers⁵ could easily pick off advancing attackers. To further frustrate⁶ attempts at breaching⁷ the walls, castles were situated⁸ on rocky crags, or surrounded by water. But every advance in castle defense⁹ drove attackers to devise better siege weapons.

"During the Middle Ages, castles kept improving, they kept improving as weapons of attack got better, and tactics was this eternal balance between attack and defense."

"Heave!"

Two hundred years before cannon¹⁰ appeared in Europe, chroniclers make reference to what appears to be the ultimate 13th century's siege weapon: an ingenious new form of heavy artillery¹¹ that flung huge stone balls with such destructive power that castle walls were reduced to rubble¹². But no ancient weapon of this type has survived. Were such claims gross exaggerations, or did such a weapon really exist?

To answer these questions, NOVA brings together a team of experts in medieval warfare, who believe they know the secret.

"It's chaos¹³, it's Wednesday I think, I don't have a clue whether or not we'll finish."
Their task, to build siege machines capable of destroying a castle wall at a range of about 200 yards.

"Well, I think that the thing will smash it up, nicely yeah."

With just two weeks to meet the challenge, a siege mentality¹⁴ quickly sets in. No modern builders have ever managed to do this before.

"...balance. Once I got it in, the whole thing could twist and tip quite alarmingly."

"one more draw, one more draw."

This interplay between defenders¹⁵ and siegers, it's still up in the air, we could still take it, then again we could fail. It's sort of "in the lap of the gods".