联合国对菲律宾的救援行动

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　　Valerie Amos, UN under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, launched a 300-million-U.S. dollar emergency appeal from the Philippines capital, Manila, earlier Tuesday.

　　Meanwhile, UN and other relief agencies report that transport logistics remains⁵ the biggest challenge due to the widespread damage to infrastructure⁶ and the large amount of debris⁷ blocking airports, roads and other access routes. Electric lines have been cut and, in some places, heavy ships have been thrown inland.

　　The UN World Food Program (WFP) said wrecked⁸ infrastructure is making humanitarian efforts a "logistics nightmare." The agency has asked for 83 million U.S. dollars for logistics, food and emergency telecommunications equipment.

　　Forty-four metric tons of High Energy Biscuits (HEBs) are due to arrive in the country Tuesday from the UN Humanitarian Response Depot⁹ (UNHRD) in Dubai, with additional biscuits and rice being mobilized from the region.

　　Also on Tuesday, the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) said that it is appealing for 34 million U.S. dollars to aid the four million children of the Philippines who survived Typhoon Haiyan. The appeal is a first estimate of the requirements needed to help children and their families recover, and is expected to cover 6 months. It is especially pressing because many of the regions slammed by Typhoon Haiyan are reportedly without electricity, clean water, food and medicine.

　　Typhoon Haiyan, among the most powerful in history, slammed into the eastern Philippine city of Tacloban on Friday and cut a path of devastation barreling west across the archipelago nation. More than 11 million people have been affected¹⁰ by what the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has called the strongest tropical cyclone¹¹ so far this year and one of the most intense on record.

　　At least 670,000 people have been displaced, the majority of them in evacuation centers, the rest in host communities or makeshift shelters, according to the UN Office for the Coordination¹² of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

　　The hampered¹³ humanitarian access is also "contributing to a breakdown¹⁴ in law and order as some desperate people loot shops for food and water," said UN refugee agency (UNHCR) spokesperson Adrian Edwards said. There are also reports from government partners and others of growing tensions and trauma¹⁵ on the ground, the spokesman said, with unconfirmed reports of people destroying bank teller¹⁶ machines and robbing relief supplies.

　　"Women and children are begging on the streets for donations, exposing themselves to abuse and exploitation," Edwards said.

　　With power lines still down, UNHCR plans to distribute solar- powered lanterns to mitigate¹⁷ the risks of gender-based violence and enhance the protection of displaced families.

　　A first UNHCR airlift is scheduled for Wednesday from Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, to the Philippine island of Cebu, bringing tents and other non-food help. The refugee agency has also deployed¹⁸ an emergency team to the Philippines, including protection specialists.

　　"We are looking also for funding for deployment¹⁹ of emergency radio in a box because mass media in the areas is simply not functioning," the OCHA spokesperson, Jens Laerke said, adding that OCHA planned to distribute at least 1,000 wind-up radios to help with communication on the ground.

　　"Once we know that people have the bottom line survival means, we move on into the next phase. And the next phase is trying to ensure that the consequences for children of this disaster can be minimized," said Christopher de Bono, the regional chief of communication at UNICEF.

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