The Sound and Style of American English-tape 2
Dr.David Alan Stern
LESSON 1: SEPARATING THE HARD & SOFT VOWELS
Dr.David Alan Stern
[LANGUAGE NOTE: Second language English speakers form almost any language have at least some trouble separating the hard and soft vowels in each of the following pairs. Speakers from ROMANCE LANGUAGES have particular trouble with the soft forms. Speakers from RUSSIAN and other SLAVIC LANGUAGES and speakers of YIDDISH and HEBREW have more trouble with the hard forms. BUT -- these pairs represent one of the most important pronunciation skills for any second language English speakers.]
Listen closely to the instructions in lesson One of the tape. It will explain how to create the differences between the hard and soft sounds in each of four pairs of vowels. Each of the hard sounds has at least some of the characteristics of a diphthong -- (1) there is more rear-tongue movement, (2) there is a second stage or "echo" on the vowel, and (3) there is a slight downward pitch glide. The soft vowel in each pair is short, stays on one pitch, and has little or no movement in the back of the tongue.
SECTION #1: HARD E and SOFT I {Counter #_______}
L1/S1-A: "The Hard E"
Phonetic Symbol : [ i ]
COMMON SPELLINGS :
"ee" as in TREE, SEEM, EEL
"e+consonant+e" as in CONCRETE, SUPREME, SCENE
"ea" as in MEAT, PEAS, EAN
"y" as in MARY, HAPPILY, ENVY
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS:
"ie" as in YIELD, IECES
"ei" as in CEILING
"i" as in SKI, INTRIGUE, MACHINE
EACH, EVEN, SEE, KEY, GREEN, TREE, HE, SHE, WE, ME, BE, VERY, HAPPY, COUNTRY, SOFTLY, QUICKLY
EEL, MEAL, SEAL, DEAL, APPEAL, REAL, WHEEL
- THE GREEN CAR WENT SPEEDING ON THE FREEWAY.
- SHE WAS HAPPY TO BE EATING CHEESE.
- HE HURT HIS KNEE WHILE SKIING VERY RAPIDLY.
- DON'T TEASE ME; MY MONEY IS REAL.
- I'M VERY SORRY YOU DON'T AGREE WITH ME.
Now here are additional worlds and sentences containing this hard sound which are not recorded on the tape.
each see teach fleece key me
deal equal eager police knee green
agree feed easy unique meal tree
cheat either ego ceiling please supreme
free speak be needle freeway eaves
machine tea fee team money Eden
achieve scene keen squeeze enough pieces
yield beat meat stream esteem beak
intrigue need neat jubilee fever three
- Please cease to creep through the Garden of Eden.
- Meat and cheese were served under the tree.
- He twisted his knee while skiing fleetly down the peak.
- Steve went to pieces because he was green with envy.
- The speed demon careened off the freeway.
- He teased the eager Marine with sneezing powder.
- Meat, peas, and beans each provide protein.
- He achieves intrigue by agreeing to speak Japanese.
- She cheated me by dealing thirteen threes.
- The reason for ceasing to speak was the parrot's beak.
- Jean and the team serenely jumped onto the beam.
L1/S1-B: "THE SOFT I"
Phonetic Symbol : [ I ]
COMMON SPELLINGS:
"i" as in IT, SIT, STILL, IN, SISTER, VISIT, INFANT
OCCASIONAL SPELLING:
"y" as in "symbol" and "typical"
IT, IS, SISTER, VISIT, TIP, BIG, DIFFERENT, IN, INSIDE, INTEREST, HINT, HIMSELF, WINTER
ILL, SILK, HILL, BILL, FILL, UNTIL, PILL
- GO INSIDE AND SIT STILL.
- THIS WINTER WILL BE DIFFERENT.
- BILL VISITED HIS RICH SISTER.
- PICK HIM UP ON FIFTH AVENUE.
- WE LIFTED THE INFANT OUT OF HIS CRIB.
Now, here are additional word and sentence drills for this vowel which are not recorded on the tape.
inside mill pick physical wind city
still hill cymbals witty ill sister
flip exhibit disappear zipper income lift
history linen winter hint different mistake
assist rich interest pyramid brittle exhibit
pitch infant invisible quiver big live
will trip lick crib visit tickle
- Winter differs incredibly in its impact on individuals.
- The inspector charged interest on Wilma's income tax.
- The clinician instantly investigated the infant's itch.
- Sit inside the pavilion instead of in the sun.
- The chicken committed itself to the interest of dinner.
- I intend to split the pit in the middle of the cherry.
- I instantly intended to imply that you were ignorant.
- The infant twitched and gripped the crib.
- Inspector Smith hinted at mistakes in the investigation.
- Jill will tickle her big sister immediately.
- Pick him up at the liquor store on Fifth Street.
L1/S1-C: CONTRASTING "HARD E" and "SOFT I"
In this "contrast" section, for this and the three other pairs, I will put hard brackets [ ] around the hard vowel and soft brackets { } around the soft vowel.
-- S{I}T {I}N THAT S[EA]T BY THE W{I}NDOW.
-- SH[E] BROKE HER H[EE]L WHILE CLIMBING THE H{I}LL.
-- THE T[EA]M GR{I}NNED AFTER S[EE]ING THE GR[EE]N F[IE]LD.
Now, here are additional word drills for this vowel contrast which are not recorded on the tape.
[ ] { } [ ] { }
seep sip peak pick
heel hill keel kill
meal mill Neal nil
real rill wheel will
feel fill eel ill
peel pill seal sill
leap lip cheap chip
SECTION #2: "HARD A" and "SOFT E" {Counter #.............}
L1/S2-A: The "HARD A"
Phonetic Symbol: [ ei ]
COMMON SPELLINGS:
"a+consonant+e" as in TAKE, SAGE
"ei" as in WEIGH, NEIGHBOR
"ay" as in MAY, DAY, WAY
"ai" as in AIM, AID, FAIL, MAIL
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS:
"a" as in AVIATOR, APRIL
"ei" as in EIGHT
[LANGUAGE NOTE: More than any other vowel in human speech, the hard A is susceptible to upward gliding lilt. This is especially true for speakers of Hungarian, Finnish, Polish, and many of the languages of Africa and the Asian sub-continent. Do not permit this diphthong to slide up in pitch. ]
AIM, DAY, SAY
ALE, MALE, SAIL
- TODAY'S DATE IS APRIL THE EIGHTH.
- THE FREIGHT TRAIN TRAVELED AWAY FROM THE STATION.
- STAY AWAY FROM THE TRAIL WHEN IT IS RAINING.
Now, here are additional word and sentence drills for this hard vowel which are not recorded on the tape.
weight player neighbor aviator frame ale
chased face instigate ailing haze ate
rainfall maybe fail freight lake ace
display wayward male April jade ape
fateful fray inflame Kate labor base
baby haste blamed trail mail lace
take age dame jailer nasal aim
great safety failure Macy's nation page
came fate mistake whale plague sage
- A great April shower came our way today.
- They paid the price for delaying the instant replay.
- The ailing aviator chased the victory for its own sake.
- They blamed the dame with the famous face.
- The able often stray in this fateful age.
- Make haste; delay may instigate a fray.
- Statesmen hasten to awaken the nation these days.
- I may portray Dorian gray on the stage in a play.
- Nathan felt the weight of the fateful delay in rainfall.
- My real estate agent has a gabled house on three acres.
- Eight whales sprayed water as they came safely away.
L1/S2-B: THE "SOFT E"
Phonetic Symbol: [ e ]
COMMON SPELLINGS:
"e" as in TWENTY, ENTER, SELL
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS:
"ea" as in SPREAD, SWEAT "ai" as in SAID
"a" as in ANY, MANY "ie" as in FRIEND
GET, READY, AGAIN, EVERY, ENEMY, FRIEND, BED, GET, READY, TEN, SENT
SELL, WELL, BELL, TELL
- MY FRIEND IS RESTING IN BED.
- ED SENT TEN LETTERS TO THE ENEMY.
- GET THE ROOM READY BEFORE THE DEADLINE.
- THE SENATOR MEANT EVERYTHING HE SAID YESTERDAY.
- THE GENERAL SLEPT IN HIS HEADQUARTERS.
Now, here are additional word and sentence drills for this soft vowel which are not recorded on the tape.
twenty embrace semester fence red nest
enter tenth emulate friend Ben get
effort fresh deadline left Ken legs
net center federal mental Ted bed
men celebrate tender wreck gem stem
when memory shelf spread jet ebb
render mentor crescent sweat wet eggs
element western credit election well bent
century letter dilemma intellect sell test
- Ed rented the penthouse at an exorbitant price.
- Ten and ten eventually get you twenty.
- I meant every word I said in the elementary section.
- Ben was a general from several sections of Tennessee.
- Don't lose your temper when I enter the room.
- The song was rendered by men who twenty cents.
- He was especially edgy after the separation.
- I can't accept this mental dilemma.
- My ex-friend wrecked the mended fences.
- Jeff's hot temper tested his self-confidence.
- September seventh was a red-letter day.
L1/S2-C: Contrasting "Hard A" and "Soft E"
-- [EI]GHT M{E}N CAN'T G{E}T THROUGH THE G[A]TE.
- D{E}NNIS IS T[A]KING A T{E}CHNICAL COURSE.
- M{E}L IS A M[AI]L ARRIER.
-- S[AI]L THE BOAT OUT W{E}ST, AND THEN S{E}LL IT.
Now, here are additional word and sentence drills contrasting the two vowels in Pair #2.
{ } [ ] { } [ ] { } [ ]
led laid tread trade Ken cane
tell tail sell sail Mel mail
bet bait den Dane get gate
led laid men main tech take
wes waste shed shade wed wade
bell bail hell hail fell fail
SECTION #3: "HARD OO" and "SOFT oo" {Counter #______}
L1/S3-A: THE "HARD OO"
Phonetic symbol: [ u ]
COMMON SPELLINGS:
"oo" as in SMOOTH, SPOON, COOL
"ew" as in BREW, THREW, SEWER
"u" as in SUSAN, STUDIO, RUBY, TRUTH
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS:
"o+consonant+e" as in MOVE PROVE
"ui" as in JUICE "ue" as in BLUE, DUE
"o" as in WHO "ou" as in COUPE, TOUPEE
SMOOTH, SPOON, BOOT, MOON, TRUTH
SCHOOL, COOL, RULE, FOOLISH
- IT'S TRUE THAT THE NEW SCHOOL IS A GLOOMY PLACE.
- HE CLEANS THE STUDIO EVERY TUESDAY AT NOON.
- SHE LIKES THE VIEW OF THE MOON ON JUNE NIGHTS.
- DRINK FRUIT JUICE WHEN YOU HAVE THE FLUE.
- JUDY WAS VERY RUDE TO SUSAN.
Now practice these additional words and sentences for the "Hard OO" vowel which are not recorded on the tape.
spoon prunes brew roof
smooth boost flute who
sewer moon rumor through
blue fruit prove room
coupons gloomy true shoe
prove threw truth food
plumage school rude boot
troupe ruby pool cool
bloom juicy loose move
- I always knew that prunes grew under the blue moon.
- The gloomy June moon is moving foolishly.
- At two past noon, I heard hooves on the roof.
- It's true that Sue proves school is gloomy.
- Give the student a boost with your boot.
- Rumor has it that raccoons buy fruit with coupons.
- Newman got juiced because Stu threw brew into the soup.
- After his review, the pupil developed a loose screw.
- Judy was rude to Susan.
- The crew brewed the stew for two hours.
L1/S3-B: THE "SOFT oo"
Phonetic Symbol: [ U ]
COMMON SPELLING:
"oo" as in WOOD, FOOT, TOOK
"u" as in BULLET, FULL, BUSHEL, PUT
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS:
"o" as in WOLF, WOMAN
"ou" as in WOULD, COULD, SHOULD
COULD, GOOD, SHOULD, WOODEN, FOOT, GOOD-BYE, WOLF, TOOK, LOOK
PULL, BULL, FULL, BULLET
- HE TOOK A LOOK UNDER THE CAR'S HOOD.
- THEY PULLED THE WOLF OUT OF THE WOODS.
- THERE ART GOOD BOOKS IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD LIBRARY.
- THE BUTCHER'S STEAKS LOOKED REALLY GOOD.
- DR. GOODMAN TOOK A BULLET OUT OF THE MAN'S FOOT.
And some additional drills for this soft vowel:
wooden bullet boulevard could hook
careful bullion bully nook pull
helpful forsook butcher push bush
pulpit boogie booklet wood put
Pullman goodness rookie full foot
ambush hooded footwear soot good
should crook woman took book
good-bye sugar brook bull wolf
bushel pudding cushion hood good
couldn't wouldn't stood Ludwig look
- We pulled the wolf from the woods to the boulevard.
- The butcher's hook took out the sooty bully.
- Dr. Goodman took the bullet from the rookie's foot.
- Woody stood up wearing cushioned footwear.
- I understood there was a good book in the library.
- Brooks was hoodwinked from the pulpit by Mr. Cook.
- Only tourists put bushels of soot in the brook.
- Captain Hook ate a bushel of cookies.
- I couldn't have understood the crook's motives.
- The Pullman conductor took a look at his ticket book.
L1/S3-C: CONTRASTING "HARD OO" and "SOFT oo"
-- WE P{U}LLED HIM OUT OF THE SWIMMING P[OO]L.
-- HE P{U}T HIS F{OO}T IN THE N[EW] B[OO]T.
-- THE W{O}MAN SAID G{OO}D-BYE TO HER ST[U]DENTS..
-- HE C{OU}LDN'T PR[O]VE THAT THE N[EW]S WAS TR[UE].
And here are some additional contrasts between the hard and soft vowels which aren't recorded on the tape.
[ ] { } [ ] { }
wooed wood cooed could
pool pull fool full
who'd hood shoed should
stewed stood Luke look
PAIR #4: "HARD O" "SOFT AW" {Counter #........}
L 1/ S 4-A: "THE "HARD O"
Phonetic symbol: [ ou ]
COMMON SPELLINGS:
"o" as in OVER, OCEAN, NOTION, POLAR, TOMATO
"o+consonat+e" as in WROTE, QUOTE,,SMOKE
" ow" as in ROW, BOWL, GROW
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS:
"ew" an in SEW "os " as in SOAK, LOAF
" oe " as in WOEFUL "ough" as in FURLOUGH
GO, HOME, MOTION, OVER, OCEAN, NO, GROW, ECHO, PHONE, NOBODY
GOAL, ROLE, MOLD, COLD
- I HOPE I CAN GO HOME TOMORROW.
- SHE ROWED THE BOAT OVER THE OCEAN.
- HE WROTE HOME HOPING FOR A BIG LOAN.
Now some additional drills for the "Hard O" vowel:
romance notion phone grow loan
lowly co-host oaken legato hope
furlough ghost slowly sew solo
apropos grocery ocean window soak
romance dough staccato bold loan
photo blown moment loaf row
wrote tomato motion loco flow
polar bloated don't moan over
pathos woeful float cone echo
- Long ago people slept on the cold earth.
- Slowly the ocean rolled toward the row of homes.
- The oboe and celled sat alone, echoing tone for tone.
- He was bloated after eating a roast and a tomato.
- Of all the folks I know, he is the most hopeful.
- The rowboat slowly floated in the ocean.
- I told Joan that the snow is flown in from Ohio.
- Smoke rolled out the open end of the hotel window
- Joan wrote to Joe, hoping for romance.
- I told the owner of the boat to be bold.
- I took the dough out of the bowl to make the loaf.
L 1/ S 4: "THE "SOFT AW"
Phonetic symbol: [ ?]
COMMON SPELLINGS:
"a (1) " as in WALK ALL MALL
" au" as in SAUCE APPLAUD LAUNDRY CAUSE
" aw" as in AWFUL FLAN JAW LAWN
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS:
"O" as in CLOTH, OFF, SONG, MOSS
All, WALK, RAW, OUGHT
APPLAUD, TAUGHT, NAUGHT, NAUTICAL, CAUSE, SAUCE
OFTEN, CLOTH, LOST, SALT
- THE TALL AUTHOR PAUSED AND WALKED HOME.
- LEAVES FALL ON THE LAWN VERY OFTEN.
- PAUL ATE SOME REALLY AWFUL SAUCE.
- DON'T WALK OFF WITH SUCH A BAD COUGH.
Now try these extra words and sentences for the "Soft AW" vowel which are not recorded on the tape.
applaud laundry sought naught draw gnaw
chalk flawless loft Walker flaw lawn
coffee shawl tongs thought mall awe
malted bawdy strong caught moth walk
author mothball wrong brought hall jaw
taught hallway glossy bought loft off
vault cloth vaulted pause long all
cause nautical cough tall lost wall
autisti cought wrought laud raw stall
- The tall author walked often.
- The awkward, awful, strong man walked home.
- Lost boys often become flawless at reform school.
- Horses often cost more than the monthly draw.
- The dog fought the moth he had brought home.
- He stalked the ball and then vaulted down the hall.
- The awful sauce made Paul pause and then walk away.
- The cat crawled across the lawn with its hurt paw.
- Right or wrong, we applauded the awkward author.
- The cloth in the hall smells of moth balls.
- You taught me to vault flawlessly without falling.
L 1/ S 4-C: CONTRASTING "HARD O" & "SOFT AW"
-- [0]VER {A}LL, CL{0} TH IS BETTER THAN G[0]LD.
-- I S{AW} HIM W{A}LK H[0]ME AL[0]NE.
-- D[0]N'T F{A}LL IN THE [O]CEAN WHILE W{A}LKING ON THE B[OA]T.
Now try these other contrasts between the hard and soft vowel which are not recorded on the tape.
{ } [ ] { } [ ]
loft loafed walk woke
stall stole caught coat
pause pose chalk choke
LESSON 2: MORE DIPHTHONGS AND VOWELS
Dr.David Alan Stern
SECTION I: DIPHTHONGS {Counter #.......}
[LANGUAGE NOTE: Diphthongs (also know as double vowels) are significantly different in American English than in almost any other language or dialect in the world. So it doesn't matter what language you come from, you must learn to produce these sounds with the "quick downward glide" and the rear tongue these sounds with they possess in standard American speech, Practice them here in lesson #2, and go back and review the earlier diphthong lesson in Course # 1, Lesson # 5. Practicing the pronunciations of diphthongs gives you the perfect opportunity to combine pronunciation with the rear-tongue speech impulse that you learned in lesson #1. }
L 2/ S1-A: THE "LONG I" Phonetic Symbol: [ a I ]
COMMON SPELLING:
"i+consonant+e" as in LIFE, ADVICE
" y" as in PYLON, SHY, DRY
"i" as in VIRUS, CRISIS, CHINA
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS:
"igh" as in HIGH, FIGHT "ai" as in AISLE
I'M, FINE, ARRIVE, CLIMB, TRIAL
Here are more words and sentences for this diphthong which aren't recorded on the tape.
erudite pylon shiner aisle lice high
appetite polite while Eliza flie icy
skylight crucify sideline fight icon eye
baptize identity slicing crime idle die
concise twilight crisis crime Nile dry
advice briny dried right fire side
thrice China virus night rye ride
pyrite myopic spicy light shy time
pliers pliable style bright cry life
- It's the right time to find a gold mine in the sky.
- I transcribed five dialogues, but I don't know why.
- The sight of dry land was exciting for Ira.
- A life of violent crime is a sign of t he times.
- Eliza was the pride of the science fair.
- Fried pike is sliced for Friday night's supper.
- Ivy vines are tied down behind the shutters.
- My guide and I had a fine time on the Nile.
- Please recite ironic rhymes of an iambic kind.
- Blind justice presided at the indictment.
- Dried spice is likely to be appetizing.
L 2/ S1-B: THE "AH-OO"
Phonetic Symbol: [ a u ]
COMMON SPELLINGS:
"ou" as in POUND, LOUD, OUT, MOUND, POUCH
" ow" as in COWARD, CROWN, WOW, COW, SHOWER
HOUR, OUT, SOUND, CROWN, TOWN
Now here are lots more words and sentences for this diphthong which are not recorded on the tape:
coward carouse crowd mouse count down
powder confound crown douse round town
pouch flounder cloud louse flower out
amount abound shroud hound proud cow
denounce profound trowel mound about bow
ounce allowed dowel pound bound now
pronoun round towel around foul how
mountain brown trounce house rout wow
south shower pounce doubt oust lout
- The loudest hound in town bow-wowed at the mouse.
- The lout proudly scowled at those in the household.
- The coward found a trowel and plowed into the mound.
- I doubt t hat the louse will pound down the flowers.
- The crowd loudly prowled the streets of the town.
- The cow was doused by a shower out of the cloud.
- I found that I had gained about a pound.
- He counted the hours and vowed to get out of the house.
- The sow, the mouse and the cow sounded a rousing song.
- Wild flowers abound in out-of-the-way mountains.
L 2/ S1-C: THE "AW-EE" Phonetic Symbol:
COMMON SPELLINGS:
"oy" as in FOYER, JOYCE, OYSTER,
"oi" as in SPOIL, VOID, NOISE
OYSTER, OIL, SOIL, MOISTURE, ANNOYED, JOYFUL, SOYBEAN
And here are still more words and sentences for this diphthong which aren't recorded on the tape.
foyer despoil moisture ointment ploy Roy
Joyce Boise cloister oyster poi joy
rejoice buoyancy hoist choice coin Troy
foible broil annoy exploit coy boy
recoil asteroid soy sauce enjoy coil join
goiter appoint soybean royal toil soy
poise avoid Lloyd loyal foil oink
vice voyeur pointed noise loin oily
devoid anoint doily poignant oil soil
- The boy joined in the noise.
- Loyal Lloyd anointed the royal head with oil.
- Boyle put soy sauce on the boiled oysters.
- He coiled around the moist cloister pillars.
- He toiled to hoist the soybeans from the soil.
- The boisterous boy oiled the noisy toy.
- He foiled the exploits of those who were loitering.
- Ointment is the best choice for your aching joints.
- Joyce's poignant remark annoyed Roy Foy.
- The noisy boy lost his voice while rejoicing.
- The royalty exploited their loyal subjects.
The following are sentences containing all of the diphthongs. Use the proper technique as you repeat them after they are modeled on the tape.
- I GET AROUND THE TOWN QUITE WELL.
- THE BOY CAN'T FIND HIS LOUD TOY.
- HE WAS ANNOYED BY THE LOUD SOUNDS OF THE NIGHT.
- THE SIGN HE PAINTED WAS MOIST AFTER THE AWFUL RAIN SHOWER
SECTION II: SINGLE VOWELS {Counter #.........}
L 2/ S2: THE "UH" Phonetic Symbol: [ ?]
[LANGUAGE NOTE: As you already learned in Course # 1, Lesson #1, this vowel simply doesn't exist in most of the world's languages, Following the instructions on the tape for producing this sound regardless of what language you first spoke.]
COMMON SPELLING: "u" as in UNDER, STUBBORN, HUT, US "o" as in MOTHER, LOVE, COME, OF
OCCASIONAL SPELLINGS: " ou" as in SOUTHERN " oo" as in BLOOD " as " as in ABOVE
UNDER, MOTHER, LOVE, HUNT, SUCH
- RUN UP TO YOUR BROTHER'S HUNTING.
- THE DOVE FLEW UP ABOVE THE CLOUDS.
- HIS MOTHER COOKED SUPPER, BUT NOTHING COULD COMFORT HER SON.
And now more drills for this vowel which aren't recorded on the tape.
stubborn exult hunter Ulster rush nun
stucco deluxe trouble cover hush hut
struggle discuss wonder alone hull cut
study brush lunch crush come bus
stump brunt upper chuck bunk us
ruffle budget nothing above bump some
rummage abduct unused slumber club of
glutton mumble until slush dump up
- This stuntman stumbles and tumbles in the mud.
- A mother's love is above that of another
- Some suds from the supper dishes were in a dull puddle.
- The puppy covered up the other couple's lunch.
- The blood under the bud vase was trouble for Gus.
- The drunk number something into his cup.
- At an upper crust brunch one must wear gloves.
- The drunk mumbled something into his cup.
- The dumb puppet crust brunch one must wear gloves.
- Southern hunters used clubs and lived in huts.
- The glutton lunged for the crumbs of the crusty buns.
L 2/ S2-B: THE "SHORT A" Phonetic Symbol: [ ?]
[LANGUAGE NOTE: As you learned in Course # 1, this is another vowels which doesn't exist in most of the world's languages, Follow the instructions on the tape for producing this sound regardless of what language you first spoke. ]
COMMON SPELLINGS:
This vowel is almost always spelled
with the letter "a" as in:
HAND, AT, BACK, FABRIC
SAD, MAD, CAT, GRASS, BAT, TRACK, MAN, DANCE
- I HAD TO HAVE A MATCH AFTER THE CANDLE WENT OUT.
- IT'S NATURAL FOR JACK TO BAT ONE-HANDED.
- STAN AND JOANNE ARE STANDING IN THE BACK OF THE BANK.
AFTER, GRANT, FRANCE, EXAMPLE, DRAFT, CRAFT, COMMAND
Now more practice on this vowel with drills you will not hear on the tape:
after passage adding rammed man Sam
basket baggage halfway anthill ask path
castle trap passed command as mass
France alcove bashful disaster aft rank
answer ample accept master Pam tank
soprano snack lamps absolute wax bank
laugh apples anthem ambulance lad Alps
shatter annual handsome frank hand bass
glass admiral sandwich fabric bath math
- The soprano laughed as she shattered the glass.
- The passengers and baggage were trapped in the alcove.
- Pam made an ample snack of the wax apples.
- Lady Aster handed the annual to the wax apples.
- Ask any bashful man in Alabama and accept his answer.
- The huddled masses sang the National Anthem.
- Let's have a lamb and ham sandwich.
- Sam rammed the flag into the anthill.
- During the disaster the master commanded the castle.
- The staff had a rash of bad habits.
L 2/ S2: "SHORT O" as "AH" Phonetic Symbol: [ a ]
LANGUAGE NOTE: Even though the AH-vowel does exist in almost all of the world's language, it is usually not spelled with the letter "o" So, everyone, regardless of first language group, should practice not rounding this Short-O. ]
COMMON SPELLING:
"o" as in ROCK, OXYGEN, FOX, ON, POCKET
OCCASIONAL SPELLING:
" a " as in WHAT, WANT, WATCH, CALM, SWAMP, FATHER
ON, HOT, HONEST, GOD, LOCK, POSITIVE, OCCUPY
- PLEASE RESPOND HONESTLY AND CONFIDENTLY.
- I HAVEN'T GOTTEN ANY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE NEW CONTEST.
- THE ROCKS AND THE LOGS ARE ON ROOF OF THE COTTAGE.
- HE WAS POSITIVE ABOUT THE HONOR OF GOD.
WHAT, WANT, WATCH, WASH, FATHER, CALM, SWAMP, SPA
- MY FATHER WANTED TO GO TO THE SPA.
- WHICH CLOTHES DO YOU WANT TO WASH TONIGHT?
- HE WALKED INTO THE SWAMP VERY CALMLY.
Now practice this vowel on these extra drills which aren't recorded on the tape
rock response lock jalopy
opera honor golf jonquil
obstinate oxygen locksmith common
odd opposite confidence almond
on obvious obelisk fox
bog occupy monogamy plot
pocket knock gondola Adonis
stop sock plotted positive
option obligate grotto constitute
spa aqua calm swamp
Utah balmy father want
- He occupied the gondola of the golf cart.
- The rocket short toward the opposite air lock
- The obstinate opera singer was preoccupied.
- Becket was positive about the honor of God.
- Move the fox from the rocks to the bog.
- He was confident about giving an obstinate response.
- The frog got groggy and hopped away.
- Anonymous l letters commonly dishonor Adonis.
- Oxygen is commonly found in air pockets.
- The rock grotto was obviously on final option.
- I'm obligated to respond with fondest acknowledgments.
LESSON 3: R - SHADED VOWELS
Dr.David Alan Stern
[LANGUAGE NOTE: Many language groups such as SPANISH, ITALIAN, PORTUGUESE (European) , and RUSSIAN roll or trill the R-sounds with the front of the tongue. Others, such as FRENCH, HEBREW, GERMAN, and PORTUGUESE (Brazil) produce a throaty R-Shading, or, in the case of JAPANESE, CHINESE and other East Asian speakers, move it toward the sound of the L. American-style R-Shadings (as well as initial R-Sounds) must be practiced by speaker from all first language groups.
Follow the instructions on the tape for creating the American-style R-Shading when the letter 'R" comes after a vowel, Then repeat the following words and sentences which are recorded on the tape.
{Counter #........}
As in CAR, HERE, FOR, CARE
CAR, STAR, FAR, TAR, PAR, BAR, CARD, START
MOTHER, SISTER, HELPER, SUMMER,, WINTER, DANCER, PLAYER
EARTH, CURSED, THIRSTY, FIRST, GERMAN, VERB, WORD, WORM,
SHORE, MORE, CORE, EXPLORING, BORING, CORD
EAR, CHEER, APPEARED, SINCERE, CAREER, BEER
SURE, POOR, SECURE, ENDURE, JURY
AIR, PAIR, STAIRS, CARE, WEAR, FAIRLY, PREPARE
- MY MOTHER AND FATHER WENT HERE AND THERE.
- MY BROTHER HAD A HARD TIME FINDING WORK.
- DON'T YOU CARE ABOUT THE POOR WORKERS?
- THE FOREMAN OF THE JURY WAS A SINCERE LEADER.
- ME. JONES HAD A BEER PARTY EVERY SUMMER.
Now here are many additional words and sentences containing R-shaded vowels. The following drills are not included in the taped instruction.
runner brother father worker singer
player sister later master dancer
helper mother letter neither reader
lighter weaker nicer carrier writer
- The burglar and his helper stirred up such a clamor.
- My mother, my father, my sister and brother thank you.
- The runner staggered over the hill.
- Either was a good talker, but she never wrote letters.
- This summer went faster and further than last.
earth earnest first search perfect Herb
cursed worst hurdle early worst serve
thirst worm word German curve verb
- Herman was the first to win thirty games.
- The German hurdler was the scourge of the early games.
- Carl and Marni formed an artful partnership.
- Park the car in Harvard Yard.
- The two sergeants are college archery partners.
- Are all the place guards qualified marksmen?
- Arthur charged out of the arbor unharmed.
four door more pour orphan support
shore before explore ignore Orville implore
core nor sore fortune score shores
- Fourteen bored sportsmen adorned the shore.
- Forty gory creatures poured through the French doors.
- The spores were found in the core of the ornament.
- The Concord poured forth exhaust causing sore throats.
- More and more support came forth for the orphans' party.
hair barely dare everywhere lair
pear fair careful prepare scare
rare air there stairs care
wear impair blare repair aware
- An air of excitement rarely blares down the stairs.
- Where did the polar bear go?
- Pay your fare, then tell the driver where to go.
- The flu scare was hard to bear.
- Where can I get my hair cut very carefully?
jeer clear queer appear peer sincere
weird sincere near cheer rear career
steer here spear deer beer tears
- Never fear, the wheel to steer is near the gear shift.
- The earring fell clear of the nearby pool.
- Be sincere my dear; it's a queer world.
- I'm sincere about wanting the deer to appear this year.
- A key of beer appeared near the rear window.
you're tour insure poor Iure
allure sure secure jury azure
endure cure moor velour contour
- You're sure you can endure the long tour?
- Poor hunters offer no allure to sure
-shots.
- Insurance is a poor risk on guided tours.
- The cure for polio makes Salk's name endure.
- I'm secure that Mr. Moore will endure. |