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243 印尼军方改革整顿
Indonesian Military's Actions Examined
Stephanie Mann
Washington
26 Jul 2001 01:29 UTC
Indonesia's military is going through a period of reform trying to become more professional and less involved in politics. Local 1)analysts have praised the army for not staging a coup as public 2)discontent grew in recent weeks, but instead supporting parliament and the People's Consultative Assembly, even as politicians moved to oust President Wahid.
Yet the army's actions had explicit political 3)consequences. Mr. Wahid was removed from office and Vice President Megawati was 4)elevated to the presidency.
Donald Emmerson, a specialist on Indonesian politics at Stanford University, says the army was clearly dissatisfied with Mr. Wahid's performance as president. "Their relationship with the president had severely 5)deteriorated. From their point of view, he had 6)interfered in internal military matters, hiring and firing, promoting, parachuting people that he felt were liberals that would focus on reform to the 7)detriment of the 8)integrity of the army as an institution," he said.
"It's really quite amazing. He managed essentially to 9)alienate 10)virtually all of the major sources of potential support that he might have enjoyed both on the civilian side, I would say, and certainly on the military side," said Mr. Emmerson.
Professor of Indonesian politics at George Washington University, Alasdair Bowie, says the army wants a president who looks favorably on its 11)priorities. "Those priorities include holding the nation together, not granting independence or a great degree of autonomy to provinces like Aceh. And at the same time, they want to protect their leaders from prosecution for human rights abuses and for fostering militias in various parts of Indonesia - the Malukus, East Timor and West Timor," said Prof. Bowie.
Mr. Bowie says Megawati Sukarnoputri is likely to be a relatively weak leader, someone the army probably sees as a president who will not interfere with their objectives.
Professor Emmerson agrees. He says President Megawati, as a nationalist who wants to keep the nation together, will ease fears within the army that the government would grant independence to other territories as it did for East Timor. "They do see themselves even now after all of the 12)depredations they've committed, the 13)atrocities in which they have been involved, nevertheless they maintain this 14)ideology of protecting the integrity of the nation. So," he said, "it's convenient for them to say they're acting in the national interest, but in fact the practical consequences of what they're doing is to further the elevation of Megawati into power."
Jeffrey Winters, a specialist in Indonesian politics at Northwestern University in Chicago, was in Jakarta during the crisis that culminated in the 15)removal of Mr. Wahid, whose popular name is Gus Dur. He says it's not easy to know exactly what the army's 16)motive was in ignoring Gus Dur's orders and supporting the assembly, called the MPR. But Professor Winters says the army's public statements all seemed to 17)underscore the military's new efforts at professionalization.
They claim that their role is to 18)safeguard the 19)constitution, to safeguard the procedures, and to uphold the decisions of the highest constitutional body, the MPR. That's what they did. And there were instances in recent weeks and months where the president, former president Gus Dur, tried for example to freeze the legislature, tried various things, tried to change officials that he didn't have the power to change, and the military didn't back him on these issues. So, it's hard to call exactly what their motives are, but one thing is clear. They're trying at least in their view to act in a constitutional way.
Professor Emmerson says while the army may have been helpful in bringing down Mr. Wahid, it was really politicians - the head of parliament and the assembly, and others - who deserve the 20)credit. He says the military leadership, by sitting back and not acting, allowed the politicans the space to act in a new 21)bold way for Indonesia, and to move the process that led to a change in the presidency.
(1) analyst[5AnElIst]n.分析家, 分解者
(2) discontent[dIskEn5tent]n.不满
(3) consequence[5kRnsIkwEns; (?@) 5kRnsIkwens]n.结果, [逻]推理, 推论
(4) elevate[5elIveIt]vt.举起, 提拔, 振奋, 提升...的职位
(5) deteriorate[dI5tIErIEreIt]v.(使)恶化
(6) interfere[IntE5fIE(r)]vi.干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰
(7) detriment[5detrImEnt]n.损害, 损害物
(8) integrity[In5te^rItI]n.正直, 诚实, 完整, 完全, 完整性
(9) alienate[5eIlIEneIt]v.疏远
(10) virtually[5v:tjJElI]adv.事实上, 实质上
(11) priority[praI5RrItI; (?@) -C:r-]n.先, 前, 优先, 优先权
(12) depredation[deprI5deIF(E)n]n.掠夺, 破坏痕迹
(13) atrocity[E5trRsItI]n.残暴, 暴行, 凶恶
(14) ideology[aIdI5RlEdVI]n.意识形态
(15) removal[rI5mu:v(E)l]n.移动, 免职, 切除
(16) motive[5mEJtIv]n.动机, 目的adj.发动的, 运动的
(17) underscore[ 9QndE`skR:(r) ]vt.划线于...下, 强调n.底线
(18) safeguard[5seIfgB:d]vt.维护, 保护, 捍卫n.安全装置, 安全措施
(19) constitution[kRnstI5tju:F(E)n]n.宪法, 构造, 体质, 国体
(20) credit[5kredIt]n.信任, 信用, 声望, 荣誉vt.相信,把...归给
(21) bold[bEJld]adj.大胆的n.粗体
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