简单句--疑问句(在线收听

疑问句:

▲一般疑问句:提问所述情况是否符合事实,要求用是还是不是,对还是错用“yes”或“no”)来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。

1)一般疑问句构成:句中谓语动词是be情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。(把主语和be,情态动词调换位置),即be/情态动词+主语+----如:Is he an engineer?(他是工程师吗?)/ Have you got today’s newspaper? (你有今天的报纸吗?)(特殊情况)/ Shall we go to see a film this evening? (我们今晚去看电影好吗?)/ Can you explain it ?(你能解释它吗?)/ Is there any fish for supper?(晚饭有鱼吗?)/ Would you like to go out for a walk?(你想出去散步吗?)

谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时, 则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形,即“do+主语+动词原形”。如:Do you get up at six every morning?(你天天早晨六点起身吗?)/ Does she study hard?(她学习努力吗?)/ Did you go there yesterday?(昨天你去那儿了吗?)

2)一般疑问句的回答

一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如:

Will you join us in playing basketball?(你加入我们打篮球好吗?)Yes, we will.(是的我们会。)/ No, we won’t.(不我们不会。)

Have you got today’s newspaper?(你有今天的报纸吗?)Yes, I have .(是的有。)/ No, I haven’t.(不没有。)

回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致

[注意] 回答must或者may开头的疑问句要小心,参见情态动词有关内容。

3)一般疑问句的否定结构:be/助动词/情态动词+not+主语+---- 或:be/助动词/情态动词+主语+not+----如:

Will he not come?=Will not he come?(他难道不来吗?)/ Isn’t your sister a Party member?=Is your sister not a Party member?(你的姐姐不是党员吗?)/ Don’t you like the play?=Do you not like the play?

否定疑问句并不单纯的表示提问,它常带有强烈的感情色彩,而且完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈:

①常带有惊异,责难或赞叹的语气,如:Haven’t you read the newspaper? 你没看过这份报纸?②有时暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答,如:Shouldn’t we start now? 我们是不是该动身了? Wasn’t it an interesting film? 那部电影不是很有趣吗? ③有时表示邀请或建议,如:Wouldn’t you go with me? 你不和我一起去吗?Won’t you have a cup of coffee? 你不喝杯咖啡吗?

注意:这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”;如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如:

Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗?)

Yes, he can.(,他能回答这个问题。)   No,he can’t. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)(不管怎么问,如果事实上是“是的”,则用yes,如果事实上“不是,不能做某件事的”,则说“no”。

▲特殊疑问句:询问其语句中所缺失的部分,或者说,是要求得到暂时不知道的信息:什么,哪里,怎么样,多少,等等。
特殊疑问句是提问实质内容的(要求得到有实质内容回答的,而不简单的回答是否)。特殊疑问词,就是用来代替句子中缺失的东西——你要询问的东西的。

  What       is it   

Who        is your teacher?

从这里也看到了,不管从语法角度,还是实际理解角度,如果单是后面的一般疑问句,它是不完整的。

1)特殊疑问句结构是:疑问词+ 一般疑问句+-----

疑问代词

+一般疑问句+

who以外的疑问代词短语

疑问副词

如:What do you want?(你要什么?)/ Who(m) are you looking for ?(你在找谁?)/ Whose magazine is this?(这是谁的杂志?)/Which class are you in?(你在哪班?)/ When did you get up this morning?(你今早什么时候起身的?)/ Where have you been?(你到哪儿去了?)/ Why did he go to bed so early?(他为什么这么早睡觉?)/ How did you go there?(你是怎么去的那儿?)

非重点,可以省略:但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同:如:Who is dancing over there?(谁在那边跳舞?)Who dances best in your class? 班级里谁跳舞最好?

有时what”,which”,whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如:What is on the wall?(什么东西在墙上?/墙上有什么?)/ Which is yours?(哪个是你的?)/ Whose book is in your bag?(谁的书在你的书包里?)(谓语动词是be时)

[注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将剔除掉划线部分的句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用!如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。

2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词:

疑问代词: who, whom, whose, which, what,

疑问副词: when, where, why, how,

how构成的短语:how many (多少个) (独立用;或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用;或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。

      3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如:Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not…?) (你为什么不转请Jim呢?)

4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如:When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的?)

5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语, 则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如:What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一台电脑呢?)

 

▲反意疑问句: 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。

1) 构成:陈述句+附加问句。由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分, 必须保持人称和时态的一致;反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。

陈述句部分

附加问句部分

   

肯定陈述句

否定的简短一般问句

当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词;否则就使用do/does//did.

否定陈述句

肯定的简短一般问句

如:He is old, isn’t he? (他老了不是吗?) / The man went away, didn’t he? (那个男人走开了不是吗?) / He isn’t old, is he? (他不老是吗?) / He never went there, did he? (他从没有去过那里是吗?)

2) 反意问句的回答:

无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”

    如:The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗?)

——Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn’t.(,他没有走。)

The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗?)

——Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didn’t.(是呀,他不去。)

特殊句型:

1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will youwon’t you构成反义疑问句,用will you多表示“请求”,用won’t you多表示提醒对方注意。例如:

let引导的祈使句有两种情况:①let’s---,后的反义疑问句用shall weshan’t we。如:Let’s go home, shan’t we? 回家吧,好吗?②let us/me--- 后的反义疑问句用will youwon’t you。如:let me have a try, won’t you?

其他祈使句都用will youwon’t you回答。

2.反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。
Your father is unhappy, isn’t he? (不能用is he?
The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?
It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?
3.
反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldomnot,no,nobody,nothing, none, neither等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如:
She never tells a lie, does she? (不用doesn’t she?
He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?
4.
反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时,问句部分虽然也可用“am not I”,但习惯上用aren’t I?表示。如:I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
5.
反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We)第一人称 think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如:
I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?
We think that English is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t we?
6.
反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如:
I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?
We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?
7.
反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:
They all think that English is very important, don’t they? (不用isn’t it?
He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn’t/ was it?
8.
反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:
They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they? (不用hadn’t you
Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用wouldn’t she?
9.
陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时,问句部分的主语用it。如:
Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?         

 Nothing has happened to them, has it?
10.陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)no, none, neither时,问句部分的主语用he they(通常用they),这时问句动词的数应和he they一致。如:Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?

Everyone has done his best in the game, haven’t they?
11.陈述部分为Let me……时,问句部分习惯上用shall I? will you?形式。如:Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?)
12.
陈述部分为Let us……时,问句部分习惯上用will you?形式。如:Let us stop to rest, will you?
13.
陈述部分为Let’s……时,问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。如:Let’s go home together, shall we?
14.
陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时,问句部分一般用will you?形式表示请求,用won’t you?形式表示委婉请求或邀请(即两种情况都可出现,不必遵循前否后肯或前肯后否的原则)。如:
Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you? You feed the bird today, will you?
Please open the window, will you?(won’t you?)
15.陈述部分为否定祈使句时,问句部分一般用will you?形式。如:Don’t make any noise, will you?
16.
陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时,问句部分用be+there(here)?形式。如:
There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there?

Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?
17.
陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时,问句部分用hadn’t +主语?形式。
You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?
18.陈述部分用used to +主语时,问句部分用didn’t + 主语?或usedn’t +主语?形式。
He used to live in the country, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?
They used to be good friends, didn’t they?/usedn’t they?
19.陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式。如:
He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didn’t he? (不用mightn’t he?/ hasn’t he?
You must have got up late this morning, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/haven’t you?
20.
陈述部分用must(may, might) + have + V-ed表示推测时,若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式。如:
Everyone must have known the death of the waitress, haven’t they? (不用mustn’t they?
You must have worked there a year ago, didn’t you?(不用mustn’t you?/ haven’t you?
21.
陈述部分的主语为从句时,问句部分的主语一般用it代替,如:
What he said is true, isn't it? (不用didn’t he?
Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? (不用won’t we?
22.
陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时,问句的主语用it代替。如:
To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?

23.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one反义疑问句的主语可以用one,也可以用you。如:One should be ready to help others, shuldn’t one?

 

▲选择疑问句:提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。

1) 构成:(1)  一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项?

        (2)  特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项?

2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如:

Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl. (----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩?----是女孩。) / Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please. (---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶?----请来茶吧。) / Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course. (----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样?----当然是跳舞啦!)

 

  原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/jiaocai/czzsdhz/156424.html