考研翻译基础---词义引申(在线收听

   当我们在作翻译时,常常看到一些词,我们全认识,可是一翻译就犯难了,原来我们所背的词义根本无法准确的表达原文的意思,如果硬要用它来对付,那就是翻译出的译文恐怕自己也不明白啦:),这时我们就要根据上下文及逻辑关系,并从这个词的本意(我们背的意思)出发,进一步的引申,并根据汉语的表达习惯来表达。具体方法如下:

   引申分为两种情况引申既可以化具体为抽象,也可以化抽象为具体:

一、将词义作抽象化引申:英语常用一个表示具体词来表达一种属性,一个事物或一种概念。

   (1)将表示具体的形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性:

   例1:There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.

   解析:这里的tiger(老虎)和ape(猿)这两个具体形象引申为这两个形象所代表的属性:“残暴”和“狡猾”。

   译文:帝国主义者的性格既残暴、又狡猾

   (2)将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词:

   例2:See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.

   解析:See-sawing是see-saw(跷跷板)转化而来的动词,本作“玩跷跷板”解,这里却要根据上下文来加以引申。

   译文:在那以后的四个星期内,消息时而部分有所好转,时而又有点不妙,两种情况不断地交替出现,一直没有明朗化。

二、将词义作具体化的引申:  

      (1)将抽象概念或属性的词具体化: 

   例3:While there are alomost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreat and explain the significant events of the past. (99年真题) 

   解析:practice如译成常见的“实践、练习”等都不准确。

   译文:几乎每个史学家都有自己的界定,但现代史学家们的观点都趋向于认为史学家是试图重现并阐明过去发生的重大事件。

   (2)有些词在特定的上下文中含义清楚,但汉语要作具体化的引申,否则就不够清楚:

   例4:The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.

   解析:green在英文中一看便明白含义,但译成汉语就不能说是“绿色的”了,就要加以引申。

   译文:我前头的那辆停住了,我错过了绿灯

练习:注意对划线词语的引申啊          

     1. There was no provocation for such an angry letter.( 挑衅行为,激怒的原因)

            2.  The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with books. But his case was a different proposition.(主张;论点,提议)

            3.  There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.( 瓶颈)

            4. All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment.(不正当的行为)

            5. The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era--the Industrial Age. Money had become King.(王)

           参考译文:

   1、写这样一封生气的信简直是毫无道理

   2、那个箱子又大又笨重,装的都是书。不过他随身带的箱子却是另一回事。 

   3、过去有过这种情况:移民限制极为严格,不许任何人出于个人考虑而迁居他国。

   4、那所大学的学生作出的任何越轨行为都会受到处罚。

   5、机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元:工业时代,金钱成了主宰一切的权威。

  原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/listen/vocabulary/16975.html