2012职称英语考试语法复习指导:第五句型(在线收听

   第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

  先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的概念。
  这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:
  1) 要不要 “to”的问题:
  The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你马上就来。)
  句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 “to”连接。但是,以下情况例外:
  n make, let, have等使役动词,如:
  Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)
  I won‘t have him cheat me. (否定式,表示“容许”:我决不容许他欺骗我)
  上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 “to”,如:
  The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让病人吃了点东西。)
  →The patient was made to eat something.
  有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:
  His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)
  记住下面重要表达方式:
  to have / get (something) done, 如:
  I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
  n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:
  使用原则与上述大致相同。
  2) 要不要 “it”的问题:
  先看两个句子:
  We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语
  The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语
  归纳:
  n 在主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是“动词不定式”或“句子”时,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
  n 考试时,判断要不要 “it”,主要看句子后面有没有“动词不定式”或“句子”,若有,要选 “it”
  n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(往往是1个形容词,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在“it”的使用问题, 对下句作出判断:
  The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)
  A. it possible
  B. possible
  C. it is
  D. it
  该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:
  The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.
  宾语 补足语
  3) 记住以下短语:
  to take…as(把…当作…)
  to think of…as(把…看作…)
  to regard…as(把…看作…)
  to refer to…as(把…叫作…)
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