第一部分 阅读理解 (75分)
Passage 1
Tourism wasn't as important as it is today. In the past, only people with a good deal of money could travel on holidays to other countries. More people travel today than in the past because there is a growing middle class in many parts of the world, that is to say, people now have more money for travel. Special air plane fares for tourists make travel less expensive and more attractive than ever before.
One person doesn't travel for the same reason as another. But most people enjoy seeing countries that are different from their own. They also like to meet new people and new food.
Tourism causes many changes in a country and in people's lives. People build new hotels and restaurants and train native men a women as guides to show visitors interesting places. There're new night clubs and other amusement.
International tourism is clearly a big business.
1. In the old days _________ could travel to other countries.
○A. boys or girls, men or women, young or old
○B. either kings or queens
○C. both the poor and the rich
○D. nobody but those who had money
2. Many more people travel today than in the past because _________.
○A. people have become more interested in traveling
○B. travelling today is easier than in the past
○C. people now have spare money for travel
○D. great changes have taken place in the world
3. What makes travel more attractive than before?
○A. Travel by air to other countries is much cheaper today.
○B. More guides are being trained to show beautiful spots.
○C. Modern telegraph lines make travel less expensive.
○D. New hotels and restaurants have been built.
4. People make journeys to many parts of the world? This is because ________.
○A. they want to make a study of geography
○B. they travel for different reasons
○C. they want to taste different kinds of food
○D. they don't want to do anything else except that they visit friends
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the article?
○A. Tourism won't bring any changes in people's minds.
○B. People have some trouble in making journeys.
○C. With the development of tourism, great changes will take place in many parts of the world.
○D. Tourism causes only some changes …… and in clothing.
Passage 2
More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Renc Coty. Charles Deschancl was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship (工作质量) and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for international market to compete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance its import and export trade. French industrial and agricultural production was still not enough to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had extended the national credit (信用) to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation (通货膨胀) affected general population most severely through the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 per cent of the workers' income. Wages, it is true, had risen, extensive family allowances (补贴) and benefits were paid by the state, and there was full-time and overtime employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of safety. In this precarious (不安定) and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.
The government was not willing to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would deplete (使空虚) the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might stop the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers employed abroad would only increase the quantity of quality produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.
6. According to the passage, the French workers were _____________.
○A. better paid than the workers in any other European country
○B. able to save more money with the increase in his wages
○C. anxious to work abroad
○D. often unable to find work in France
7. Which was not true in French?
○A. Food costs were low.
○B. Wages had increased.
○C. The state paid family allowances.
○D. There was overtime employment.
8. According to the passage, French production ___________.
○A. was inadequate to meet the needs of the French people
○B. was flooding the international market with inferior
○C. emphasized industrial production at the expense of agricultural production
○D. was enough for the local market
9. According to the passage, the French government _____________.
○A. prohibited French to work abroad
○B. reduced taxed to fight inflation
○C. paid family allowances and benefits
○D. prohibited the French workers to join labor unions
10. Which of the following is not true?
○A. Migration of workers would deplete the labor force.
○B. The lack of qualified workers might stop the improvement in the quality of products.
○C. Qualified workers work abroad would increase the quality of products in foreign countries.
○D. Qualified workers work abroad was good for France.
Passage 3
Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000 years ago. It must be lasting and easy to recognize, to divide, and to carry about.
When we think of money today, we picture it ……as round, flat pieces of metal which we call coins, or as printed paper notes. But there are still parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use. They will buy nothing, and a traveler might starve if he had none of the particular local "money" to …… Among remote people, who are not often reached by traders from outside, commerce usually means barter (物物交换). There is a direct exchange of goods. Perhaps it is fish for vegetables, meat for grain, or various kinds of food in exchange for pots, baskets, or other manufactured goods. For this kind of simple trading, money is not needed, but there is often something that everyone wants and everybody can use, such as salt to flavor (给……调味) food, shells for ornaments(装饰), or iron and copper to make into tools and pots. These things-salt, shells or metals-are till used as money in out-of-the way parts of the world today.
Salt may rather a strange substance to use as money, but in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an absolute necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their value, were used as money in Tibet until recent times, and cakes of salt will still buy goods in Berneo and parts of Africa.
Cowrie sea shells have been used as money at some time or another over the greater part of the Old World. These were collected mainly from the beaches of the Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, cowries were traded right across the continent from East to West. Four or five thousand went for one Maria Theresa dollar, an Austrian silver coin which was once accepted as money in many parts of Africa.
Metal, valued by weight, early coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings is still used in many countries instead of money. It can either be exchanged for goods, or made into tools, weapons or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze (青铜), ten in flat, round pieces with a hole in the middle, called "cash". The earliest of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old-older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean.
Nowadays, coins and notes have taken place of nearly all the more interesting forms of money, and although in one or two of the more remote countries people still hold it for future use on ceremonial (仪式的) occasions such as weddings and funerals (葬礼), examples of early money will soon be found only in museums.
11. In some parts of the world a traveler might starve __________.
○A. even if his money was of the local kind
○B. even if the had no coins or notes
○C. if the did not know the local rate of exchange
○D. even if he had plenty of coins and notes
12. Barter usually takes the place of money transaction where __________.
○A. there is only salt
○B. the people's trading needs are fairly simple
○C. metal tools are used
○D. only for ceremonial purposes
13. Salt is still used as money __________.
○A. in Tibet
○B. in the Maldive Islands
○C. in several countries
○D. only for ceremonial purposes
14. Four or five thousand cowrie shells used to be __________.
○A. as valuable as a Maria Theresa dollar
○B. valued because they were easy to carry
○C. useful currency in south America
○D. useful currency in south America
15. The earliest known coins from the eastern Mediterranean _________.
○A. are as old as the earliest known Chinese coins
○B. are old than the earliest known Chinese coins
○C. are not as old as the earliest known Chinese coins
○D. were much larger than their Chinese equivalents
第二部分 完成句子 (25分)
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。
Once upon a time (not so very long ago, either!) industrial goods were made to last forever. If you bought a car or a stove, it was a once-in-a-life time investment. You paid good money for it, and you took good care of it. Nowadays industry has persuaded us that products shouldn't last a long time. It's cheaper to throw them away than it is to repair them. This has led directly to the "throw away society" which is a tremendous (巨大的) waste of the earth's resources.
Just think of the cars that are traded daily, just because they are out of style. Think of the expensive packaging material that is thrown away every time a new object is bought. And we consumers (消费者) have to pay for that material! Our industrial society has turned us into spoiled children. This wastefulness (消费) has got into the mess we are in now. when we have no resources left, then we'll start to take care of what we have. But why can't we act before this happens? Why can't we go back to being a society in which the prevention (防止) of waste is a virtue (美德)?
16. Not long ago, products were made to last to _______ as you take care of them.
17. People don't repair many things nowadays because they spend ______ to buy a new one.
18. The shoppers have to pay not only for the goods themselves but also for the ______ paper.
19. According to the author's idea, we should take care of what we have when there are ________ resources left.
20. "The mess" (in the 5th Line of 2nd Paragraph) means _________.
第三部分 阅读理解 (80分)
Passage 1
One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is a two-fold one, including recovery and prosperity. During the recovery period there is ever - growing expansion of existing facilities and new facilities for production are created. More businesses are created and older ones expanded. Improvements of various kinds are made. There is an ever increasing optimism (乐观主义) about the future of economic growth. Much capital is invested in machinery or "heavy" industry. More labor is employed. More raw materials are required. As one part of the economy develops, other parts are affected. For example, a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel, glass, and industries. Roads are required. Thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulated. Demand for labor and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers (供应商) of raw materials, including farmers. This increases purchasing power and the volume of goods bought and sold. Thus prosperity is diffused (扩散) among the various portions of the population. This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent end. However a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stop spiraling (盘旋地移动) upwards. This is the end of the expansion phase.
21. We may assume that in the next paragraph the writer will discuss _______.
○A. union demands
○B. the status of the farmer
○C. the higher cost of living
○D. the recession period
22. The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is ________.
○A. The Business Cycle
○B. The Recovery Stage
○C. Attaining Prosperity
○D. The Period of Good Times
23. Prosperity in one industry _________.
○A. reflects itself in many other industries
○B. will spiral upwards
○C. will affect the steel industry
○D. will end abruptly
24. Which of the following industries will probably be a good indicator of a period of expansion?
○A. Toys.
○B. Machine tools.
○C. Foodstuffs.
○D. Farming.
25. During the period of prosperity, people regard the future ___________.
○A. cautiously
○B. in a confident manner
○C. opportunely
○D. indifferently
Passage 2
The value of money is going down. What you could buy in 1970 for ￡20, now, in 1979 costs ￡56.40. That's inflation and nobody likes it, least of all the Bank of England. One of the results of inflation is that people need coins and notes of higher value. At the moment, the note of the highest value which is generally in circulation(流通) is the ￡20 note. Now, the Bank of England plans to introduce a new, ￡50 note. And the Bank is trying to decide which famous English man or woman to put on the back of the ne…………
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