托福语法讲解:介词(在线收听

 第一节 常用介词

  考点一 常用介词的用法
  常用介词包括简单的,
  如:in, on, at, from, to, like, of, for, after, before, by, with, to, since, between, etc.;
  还有一些组合的,如:into, onto, out of, throughout, within, upon, etc.
  这些词的具体用法需要下功夫搞清,在TOEFL题中都有所体现。
  例题:
  ----one time, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.
  (A) On
  (B) At
  (C) By
  (D) To
  答案:B
  解释:据选项可知需填介词,词组at one time意为“曾经、一度”,符合句意。
  考点二 及物动词和不及物动词
  在改错题目中,经常会出现混淆及物动词和不及物动词,
  (1) 不及物动词后面必须要加上介词,比如go Guangzhou(到广州去),这样表达是不对的,必须改为 go to Guangzhou
  (2) 而及物动词后面不能随意加上介词,因为及物动词后面可以直接接名词
  比如 find the mistake (寻找错误) , 不应该说 find for the mistake
  第二节 介宾短语
  介词不能单独使用,而必须和其他词连用,这些词称作介词的宾语,它们共同构成的介宾短语常在句中作状语,作名词的后置定语,有时作某些动词的宾语补足语
  考点一 名词作介词宾语
  大部分介词的宾语都是由名词(包括代词)充当的,如:under the tree, during the day, 这一考点在题中多次出现
  例题:
  (1)
  The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.
  (A) more accurate than sundials
  (B) more accurate sundials
  (C) sundials more accurately
  (D) more accurately than sundials
  答案:B
  解释:search for缺少宾语, 只有B是表达无误的名词词组, 可以作宾语;其他选项的比较形式都有错。
  考点二 动名词作介词宾语
  名词作宾语时,之后不能再接宾语,这一缺陷可由动名词弥补。
  如:before doing the job ,  after getting back
  改错题中常把应该用动名词作宾语的地方误用为名词或不定式,需留心陷阱
  例题:
  Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae ----harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
  (A) does not
  (B) but does no
  (C) except
  (D) without
  答案:D
  解释:harming 是动名词形式, 因此要求前面的词是介词或可接动名词的动词. A B 可首先排除; C 虽是介词, 但与句意不符.
  考点三 连接从句或不定式
  介词之后还可以接宾语从句或不定式短语,但要借助于
  连接代词  (如:what , which, whom)
  或连接副词  (如:how, when,where)
  例句:        I knew nothing about how he got the green card.
  She's pretty hesitant about which one to choose.
  例题:
  (1)
  The Cubists were concerned with how----a given subject from different points of view simultaneously.
  (A) represented
  (B) do they represent
  (C) to represent
  (D) representing
  答案:C
  解释:介词with后面的宾语不完整, C 是不定式短语作宾语. A D都不足以和how构成宾语从句;  B不应用疑问句语序, 若去掉do则是正确的
  (2)
  The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and validity of what ----.
  (A) it is known as human knowledge
  (B) is known as human knowledge
  (C) known human knowledge
  (D) is human knowledge known
  答案:B
  解释:介词of的宾语残缺, B 构成宾语从句, 包含短语be known as;A多主语it; C 无法与what契合; D 语序错误
  注意:介词后面不能够接 that 所引导的从句,除非in that连起来作为特殊的状语从句引导词,表原因
  (3)
  Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual ---- travel over land and water on a layer of air .
  (A) they
  (B) in they
  (C) that they
  (D) in that they
  答案:D
  解释:空格前是句子的主谓语,空格后是谓语结构,空格处需要从句引导词及从句主语,只有D符合题意,in that是特殊的状语从句引导词,表原因
  词汇:hovercraft: 水翼船,  cushion: 垫子
  原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/listen/vocabulary/196414.html