LESSoN SEVEN
     TEXT  A
  Families
      Family -- the word has different meanings for different people, and even the dictionary gives us several definitions: a group of people related by blood or marriage, two adults and their children, all those people descended from a common ancestor, a household, and so on. Some people think of a family as a mother, a father, and their children; others include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. For some of us, family means the group of relatives living far away from home. For others, having a family(gerund used for subject) simply means having children.(gerund used for object) Some families have long histories, while others know very little about their ancestors. No matter if (whether复合连接词) it is young or old, large or small, traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. It is that feeling of belonging, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing.
      There are basically two types of families: nuclear families and extended families. The nuclear family usually consists of two parents (mother and father) and their children. The mother and father form the nucleus, or center, of the nuclear family. The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry. Then they form new nuclear families.
      The extended family is very large. There are often many nuclear families in one extended family. An extended family includes children, parents, grand-parents, uncles, aunts, and cousins. The members of an extended family are related by blood (grandparents, parents, children, brothers, sisters, etc.) or by marriage (husbands, wives, mothers-in-law, etc.). They are all related, so the members of an extended family are called relatives. @
   
   
  Regard as
  No matter what= whatever
  No matter how = however
  No matter where = wherever
  No matter when = whenever
  Whatever do you want?
  I will wait for you no matter where  you are.
  Be composed of ----make up of
  Not ----until
  I did not get up until 8.
   
  Football is played by all over the world.
  English is spoken by all the people.
  I was bitten by a dog yesterday.
  The book will be translated into 3 languages.
  The book has been translated into 3 languages.
  The book had been translated into 3 languages by the end of 1998.
  The book can be translated into 3 languages.
  The new subway is being built now.