大学英语四级考试巅峰听力MP3与字幕文本下载 Track 20（在线收听）

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[00:00.65]Passage One

[00:02.41]Education is too important to take seriously.

[00:07.77]When people take anything too seriously,

[00:11.49]they put on blinders,

[00:13.46]which cause them to miss the important aspects

[00:17.51]of what is going on around them.

[00:20.02]They develop “tunnel vision”

[00:22.65]which limits and distorts their perception of reality.

[00:27.02]Education is too important to be limited

[00:32.06]by those who have chosen to wear blinders

[00:35.01]and develop tunnel vision.

[00:37.30]I believe the accountability movement

[00:41.35]has encouraged many educators

[00:43.65]to take education too seriously.

[00:46.71]When we take education too seriously,

[00:50.22]we put standardized tests scores above children,

[00:54.59]we put lesson plans above teachers,

[00:58.32]and we put on our blinders,

[01:00.94]only to see a rather small segment of the children—

[01:05.53]that segment can be measured easily

[01:09.70]rather than looking at the child as a whole.

[01:12.75]By looking at the whole student,

[01:15.49]we can get a sense of whether

[01:17.79]that student enjoys learning,

[01:19.86]is functioning well with others,

[01:22.27]and feels good about himself.

[01:24.79]How can we take off our blinders?

[01:28.29]How can we eliminate tunnel vision

[01:31.47]to see the whole child?

[01:33.32]How can we not take everything so seriously?

[01:37.49]My recommendation is simply to laugh, teach and laugh.

[01:43.07]Psychologists have long believed that

[01:47.12]negative motions cause negative chemical changes in the body.

[01:51.49]We know the opposite is also true.

[01:55.43]We know that a person with a good sense of humor

[01:59.37]has better healing qualities.

[02:01.56]Laughter actually relaxes the muscles,

[02:05.39]slows the heartbeats, and lowers blood pressure.

[02:09.44]Laughter stirs the inside

[02:12.39]and then gets the endocrine system moving,

[02:15.89]which can be quite beneficial in alleviating disease.

[02:20.74]Laughter also relieves boredom,

[02:24.03]tension, guilt, depression, headaches and backaches.

[02:30.83]Now the passage will be read again.

[02:35.37]Education is too important to take seriously.

[02:40.19]When people take anything too seriously,

[02:44.01]they put on blinders,

[02:45.98]which cause them to miss the important aspects

[02:49.81]of what is going on around them.

[02:52.32]They develop “tunnel vision”

[02:55.17]which limits and distorts their perception of reality.

[02:59.44]Education is too important to be limited

[03:04.47]by those who have chosen to wear blinders

[03:07.53]and develop tunnel vision.

[03:09.72]I believe the accountability movement

[03:13.77]has encouraged many educators

[03:16.29]to take education too seriously.

[03:19.79]When we take education too seriously,

[03:22.85]we put standardized tests scores above children,

[03:26.90]we put lesson plans above teachers,

[03:31.05]and we put on our blinders,

[03:33.57]only to see a rather small segment of the children—

[03:38.39]that segment can be measured easily

[03:42.21]rather than looking at the child as a whole.

[03:45.17]By looking at the whole student,

[03:48.01]we can get a sense of whether

[03:49.78]that student enjoys learning,

[03:52.40]is functioning well with others,

[03:54.70]and feels good about himself.

[04:48.00]How can we take off our blinders?

[04:50.80]How can we eliminate tunnel vision

[04:53.77]to see the whole child?

[04:55.95]How can we not take everything so seriously?

[04:59.79]My recommendation is simply to laugh, teach and laugh.

[05:05.47]Psychologists have long believed that

[05:08.98]negative motions cause negative chemical changes in the body.

[05:14.01]We know the opposite is also true.

[05:17.95]We know that a person with a good sense of humor

[05:21.67]has better healing qualities.

[06:14.17]Laughter actually relaxes the muscles,

[06:18.11]slows the heartbeats, and lowers blood pressure.

[06:21.83]Laughter stirs the inside

[06:24.89]and then gets the endocrine system moving,

[06:28.39]which can be quite beneficial in alleviating disease.

[06:32.90]Laughter also relieves boredom,

[06:36.51]tension, guilt, depression, headaches and backaches.

[07:34.59]Now the passage will be read for the third time.

[07:39.61]Education is too important to take seriously.

[07:45.74]When people take anything too seriously,

[07:49.46]they put on blinders,

[07:51.54]which cause them to miss the important aspects

[07:55.59]of what is going on around them.

[07:57.99]They develop “tunnel vision”

[08:00.73]which limits and distorts their perception of reality.

[08:05.00]Education is too important to be limited

[08:10.03]by those who have chosen to wear blinders

[08:12.98]and develop tunnel vision.

[08:15.17]I believe the accountability movement

[08:19.22]has encouraged many educators

[08:21.41]to take education too seriously.

[08:24.58]When we take education too seriously,

[08:28.41]we put standardized tests scores above children,

[08:32.57]we put lesson plans above teachers,

[08:36.51]and we put on our blinders,

[08:39.24]only to see a rather small segment of the children—

[08:43.84]that segment can be measured easily

[08:47.66]rather than looking at the child as a whole.

[08:50.84]By looking at the whole student,

[08:53.47]we can get a sense of whether

[08:55.54]that student enjoys learning,

[08:57.95]is functioning well with others,

[09:00.25]and feels good about himself.

[09:02.77]How can we take off our blinders?

[09:06.27]How can we eliminate tunnel vision

[09:09.33]to see the whole child?

[09:11.52]How can we not take everything so seriously?

[09:15.35]My recommendation is simply to laugh, teach and laugh.

[09:20.93]Psychologists have long believed that

[09:24.54]negative motions cause negative chemical changes in the body.

[09:29.57]We know the opposite is also true.

[09:33.51]We know that a person with a good sense of humor

[09:37.45]has better healing qualities.

[09:39.74]Laughter actually relaxes the muscles,

[09:43.57]slows the heartbeats, and lowers blood pressure.

[09:47.52]Laughter stirs the inside

[09:50.58]and then gets the endocrine system moving,

[09:54.08]which can be quite beneficial in alleviating disease.

[09:58.59]Laughter also relieves boredom,

[10:01.98]tension, guilt, depression, headaches and backaches.

[10:13.08]Passage Two

[10:14.72]Movies are marked into different ratings in the United States

[10:19.11]to be suitable for the various audiences.

[10:21.74]People are always curious about how these ratings are set.

[10:26.66]The current rating system was created by Jack Valenti,

[10:31.25]president of the Motion Picture Association of America in 1968

[10:37.50]as a voluntary alternative to government censorship.

[10:41.54]He guides 12 people to bear the responsibility

[10:46.36]of judging the movies that the American public

[10:49.01]is about to see and decide the ratings.

[10:52.40]Valenti himself has nothing to do with

[10:55.14]the actual rating of films,

[10:57.33]other than appointing the ratings board chairman

[11:00.61]and approving hires.

[11:02.79]In the 12 member board

[11:05.20]of the Classification Rating Administration,

[11:08.27]nine are “junior raters”.

[11:10.46]The other three are “senior raters”,

[11:13.41]who function as a sort of “board within the board”.

[11:16.80]They take the lead in discussing the rating with the directors.

[11:21.50]After a screening, each rater who attended it

[11:25.89](not every one sees every film)

[11:28.40]writes a preliminary report recommending a rating.

[11:32.56]Then the board meets and discusses the ratings

[11:36.50]and the raters then make the final reports.

[11:39.56]These reports are then filed away at the MPAA.

[11:44.38]A senior rater calls the director to convey the ratings,

[11:48.96]if the director is unhappy the rater offers opinions

[11:53.56]about how to rearrange the film.

[11:56.73]Because there are few clear standards,

[12:00.13]the raters often resort to unofficial guidelines—

[12:03.85]such as “sex equals adult material”.

[12:07.57]But they avoid considering the movie as a whole.

[12:11.84]Regarding language, the rules seem clear enough.

[12:16.54]One sexual remark automatically results in a PG rating

[12:20.81](Paternal Guidance suggested inappropriate for children under 13).

[12:25.84]Two sexual sentences automatically result in R rating (Restricted) .

[12:31.96]However, many in Hollywood argue that this is too narrow,

[12:36.56]because some films, comedies for example,

[12:40.49]use sexual scenes in a funny way.

[12:44.67]Now the passage will be read again.

[12:49.16]Movies are marked into different ratings in the United States

[12:54.85]to be suitable for the various audiences.

[12:57.36]People are always curious about how these ratings are set.

[13:02.28]The current rating system was created by Jack Valenti,

[13:06.87]president of the Motion Picture Association of America in 1968

[13:13.11]as a voluntary alternative to government censorship.

[13:17.27]He guides 12 people to bear the responsibility

[13:22.09]of judging the movies that the American public

[13:24.93]is about to see and decide the ratings.

[13:27.99]Valenti himself has nothing to do with

[13:30.83]the actual rating of films,

[13:33.13]other than appointing the ratings board chairman

[13:36.53]and approving hires.

[13:38.28]In the 12 member board

[13:40.69]of the Classification Rating Administration,

[13:43.75]nine are “junior raters”.

[13:46.15]The other three are “senior raters”,

[13:48.78]who function as a sort of “board within the board”.

[13:52.50]They take the lead in discussing the rating with the directors.

[13:57.20]After a screening, each rater who attended it

[14:01.48](not every one sees every film)

[14:04.10]writes a preliminary report recommending a rating.

[14:08.48]Then the board meets and discusses the ratings

[14:12.41]and the raters then make the final reports.

[14:15.36]These reports are then filed away at the MPAA.

[14:20.07]A senior rater calls the director to convey the ratings,

[14:24.56]if the director is unhappy the rater offers opinions

[14:29.48]about how to rearrange the film.

[15:22.41]Because there are few clear standards,

[15:25.91]the raters often resort to unofficial guidelines—

[15:29.42]such as “sex equals adult material”.

[15:33.57]But they avoid considering the movie as a whole.

[15:37.52]Regarding language, the rules seem clear enough.

[16:30.88]One sexual remark automatically results in a PG rating

[16:36.57]( Paternal Guidance suggested inappropriate for children under 13).

[16:41.38]Two sexual sentences automatically result in R rating (Restricted) .

[16:47.84]However, many in Hollywood argue that this is too narrow,

[16:52.65]because some films, comedies for example,

[16:56.15]use sexual scenes in a funny way.

[17:51.39]Now the passage will be read for the third time.

[17:56.54]Movies are marked into different ratings in the United States

[18:02.12]to be suitable for the various audiences.

[18:04.85]People are always curious about how these ratings are set.

[18:09.44]The current rating system was created by Jack Valenti,

[18:14.26]president of the Motion Picture Association of America in 1968

[18:20.27]as a voluntary alternative to government censorship.

[18:24.66]He guides 12 people to bear the responsibility

[18:29.25]of judging the movies that the American public

[18:32.09]is about to see and decide the ratings.

[18:35.27]Valenti himself has nothing to do with

[18:37.89]the actual rating of films,

[18:40.41]other than appointing the ratings board chairman

[18:43.69]and approving hires.

[18:45.66]In the 12 member board

[18:48.07]of the Classification Rating Administration,

[18:51.13]nine are “junior raters”.

[18:53.54]The other three are “senior raters”,

[18:56.49]who function as a sort of “board within the board”.

[19:00.22]They take the lead in discussing the rating with the directors.

[19:04.59]After a screening, each rater who attended it

[19:08.96](not every one sees every film)

[19:11.49]writes a preliminary report recommending a rating.

[19:15.86]Then the board meets and discusses the ratings

[19:19.47]and the raters then make the final reports.

[19:22.65]These reports are then filed away at the MPAA.

[19:27.46]A senior rater calls the director to convey the ratings,

[19:31.94]if the director is unhappy the rater offers opinions

[19:36.76]about how to rearrange the film.

[19:39.71]Because there are few clear standards,

[19:43.10]the raters often resort to unofficial guidelines—

[19:46.83]such as “sex equals adult material”.

[19:50.76]But they avoid considering the movie as a whole.

[19:54.70]Regarding language, the rules seem clear enough.

[19:59.41]One sexual remark automatically results in a PG rating

[20:03.67]( Paternal Guidance suggested inappropriate for children under 13).

[20:08.70]Two sexual sentences automatically result in R rating (Restricted) .

[20:15.05]However, many in Hollywood argue that this is too narrow,

[20:19.86]because some films, comedies for example,

[20:23.47]use sexual scenes in a funny way.